Anemones - Species And Reproduction

2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47

Wonderful primroses for your garden

Anemone or anemone (lat. Anemone) is a beautiful decorative perennial of the Buttercup family, it is especially effective during flowering. It is popular in horticultural culture and has been used for several centuries, mainly as a spring flowering plant, although there are species with a later - summer-autumn flowering period.

The name of the plant comes from the Greek word "anemos" - "wind", as many types of anemone have delicate fragrant petals, vibrating from the slightest breeze. This plant is found in all countries in the northern hemisphere of the globe. In total, there are about 100 species of anemone, in our country there are 46 of them. Most of the anemones bloom during the spring winds. The ground has not yet warmed up, and primroses appear on the thawed patches under the bright spring sky. And among them is the anemone. When do these plants have time to develop?

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It turns out that primroses are able to develop in winter under the snow. With warming, they actively grow and bloom magnificently. And when the foliage blooms on the trees, and it becomes gloomy in the forest, the primroses droop and disappear altogether. Cultural anemones-anemones behave in a similar way. As the sun rises, heads drooping over the night rise, multi-colored petals open. However, as soon as a cloud comes across, the flower freezes, the petals droop. On cloudy days, they do not open at all.

Anemone is a very beautiful perennial plant and deserves a wide distribution. Large brightly colored flowers rise above its finely cut openwork leaves. The homeland of the anemone is the mountainous regions of Asia Minor. On the northern slopes of the Caucasus, these plants form whole meadows. Anemones are extremely diverse. In the flora of our country, the most interesting are anemones, which will be discussed below.

The anemone is crown. Flowers of various colors up to 6 cm in diameter, have varying degrees of terry and long flowering from spring to late summer. Plant height 25-30 cm, pinnately dissected leaves - in the root rosette. The stems end in large bright terminal flowers - red, white, blue, pink, lilac, lilac, bluish, fawn. There are varieties that have flowers with a border or spots of a different tone. A large bunch of stamens with black pistils stands out in the center of the flower. The fruit is a pubescent nut.

Japanese anemone. Height 30-45 cm. Leaves are dark, openwork, three times pinnately dissected. Calm pale and deep pink flowers, opening up consistently for a rather long period, are collected in loose inflorescences. Anemone blooms in August - September. Propagated by seeds and division of rhizomes, as well as green cuttings in the open field. In one place, this anemone grows up to 6 years.

Forest anemone. In its natural form, it occupies a wide area from Europe to the Far East. Although it has a delicate appearance, it grows in various climatic conditions - in dry meadows, in deciduous and light coniferous forests. Plant height 30-50 cm. Fragrant flowers are single, large - simple and double, pure white, drooping, up to 4-8 cm in diameter. Leaves are palmate-separated on long (20-25 cm) petioles. The whole plant has white-tomentose pubescence. Bushes up to 20 cm in diameter quickly grow into a system of bushes connected by long, shallow stolons. Bloom from late April to mid-May.

Anemone hybrid. A hybrid of Japanese and grape-leaved. Plants are varied in height - from 30 to 100 cm. They bloom in the second half of summer. Multi-tiered inflorescences. The flowers are medium-sized - simple or double, numerous, from white to cherry color on powerful peduncles. The root system is branched, deep with creeping underground rhizomes. They do not tolerate a transplant, so they are not touched for many years.

Anemone is gentle. Delicate single flowers from whitish-blue to dark blue and blue - 2.5-4 cm in diameter. Plant height 9-11 cm. It blooms for two weeks in the second half of April. It has a short tuberous rhizome.

Daffodil anemone. Height up to 40 cm. Grows mainly in the mountains. It has beautiful pubescent cut leaves. It blooms in mid-spring with white flowers in umbellate inflorescences. The rhizome is short and dense. The roots are tough, cordlike. Winter-hardy.

Anemone is oak. Forest plant 20 cm high, leaves are long-petiolate, three times dissected. Blooms immediately after the snow melts. The flowers are white, outside are reddish-purple, lilac and blue. The rhizome is superficial, creeping, fragile. Prefers partial shade. Winter hardy. Anemone of the Apennine. The flowers are bright red.

Pulsatilla anemone is one of the most beautiful plants of this species with purple, slightly drooping bells.

Anemone sparkling with bright red flowers up to 4 cm in diameter.

Garden anemone. The flowers are red, pink or whitish with purple stamens.

Buttercup anemone. 15-20 cm high. Known as one of the earliest spring flowers. Stems are erect. Delicate. Finger-dissected stem leaves in a whorl, located horizontally under the flower. Flowers are yellow, single or 2-5 flowers, they reach 1.5-3 cm in diameter. Blooms in April - May 10-12 days. The rhizome is horizontal, creeping, brown, fragile, located at a depth of 3-5 cm. Grows in shady places.

Baikal anemone is a Sayan-Baikal endemic (common only in that area). Small white flowers.

Ural anemone is endemic to the Urals.

Recently, anemones with bright daisy-like flowers and a lot of various colors have been coming from Holland. These are beautiful anemones that give birth to an abundance of brilliant, glossy flowers up to 5 cm in diameter. They bloom for up to three months. Among them are the varieties:

Paminas - with bright pink petals.

Honorin Jobert is the most beautiful pure white Japanese anemone.

Queen Charlotte is a fragrant delicate pink flower with a diameter of about 7 cm. It blooms all summer until mid-autumn with a mass of pure semi-double flowers that look like soaring butterflies on tall - up to 60 cm - graceful stems.

Group Blend e is a beautiful mixture of light and dark blue, pink and white flowers with a yellow center. They have very strong, strong peduncles.

One of them is the Charmer variety with bright pink petals around a white center. Each bulb produces a different flower that provides long-lasting flowering - four to six weeks in April-May. Plant the bulbs every 8-10 cm and they will form dense, dense carpets of bright flowers. Amazing combinations of tuberous blue flowers Mr. Fokker and white Breed - poppy anemones. An excellent material for creating a blooming carpet in late spring. Reach heights up to 35 cm. The size of the tuber is from 5 to 9 cm. The strikingly beautiful imported anemones, unfortunately, are not hardy.

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Plant features

Anemones have a distinct dormant period in summer. The storage organ is a creeping branching rhizome, on which shoots develop from the buds of renewal. During rest, the rhizome dries out and becomes hard. The thick creeping rhizome, in which the mighty power of solar energy accumulates throughout the summer, allows the anemone to bloom so early. After a long and boring winter, spring herbaceous plants with bright flowers always delight a person. Their biological feature is rapid growth and development. Among other primroses, stalks rise and anemone flowers open.

In anemones, reserves of organic matter, mainly starch, which ensure rapid growth with the onset of spring heat, are harvested in advance. From the beginning of fruit setting and until the plant completely dries up, it takes about another month. During this time, building substances accumulate in the rhizomes of anemones. After the onset of summer, the plant freezes, the growth of rhizomes stops.

This is due to a change in the light regime, soil moisture conditions, an increase in air and soil temperature, to which anemones are not accustomed. The activation of growth in them is noted at the end of summer - flower buds are also laid in the buds of renewal. When cold weather comes, the plant freezes. The anemone is at rest until mid-winter, then it wakes up and begins to consume nutrients and grow. All parts of the plant grow gradually. By the time the snow melts, anemones have normal sizes of leaves and flowers. Plants with this development cycle are called ephemeroids.

Breeding anemones

The seeds from different types of anemone differ from each other. They are sown in the ground immediately after harvest in the fall. Cotton-coated seeds germinate easily at room temperature.

Glossy dark - require pre-sowing freezing and cold stratification for 1-2 months. In spring, the seedlings are thinned by 8-10 cm, leaving two plants in the nest. When grown by seed, the anemone blooms in one to two years. The main reproduction of anemones is by dividing bushes and rhizomes. The most difficult to reproduce are anemones with tuberous and pineal rhizomes. Sections of rhizomes are planted in the fall. For sowing and planting, it is necessary to choose open areas with loose humus soil.

Agricultural technology of anemones

The requirements for lighting and soil type for different anemones are ambiguous. All anemones prefer semi-shaded areas. Most cultivars require fertile, constantly moist soil. They cannot stand fresh manure. And an anemone like Pulsatilla prefers calcareous soils. They are resistant to cold snaps, but cannot stand cold winters, so shelter with mulching material is required for the winter. Japanese anemone overwinters in pots in a frost-free room.

Tubers dug out after the leaves die off and stored in a dry substrate in winter; in order to awaken them in the spring, they must be soaked in warm water until they swell. Then it is placed in a moist substrate, sphagnum moss, cotton wool or a damp cloth and kept in this state at a temperature of 20 … 25oC. They are planted in open ground after snow thawing and soil warming. Anemones grow well in a sunny place and in partial shade. Transplanting is possible only after the end of the growing season - in late spring - early summer.

Anemones in garden design

Low-growing varieties of anemones are suitable for group planting in borders next to tall perennials. Tall forms, especially the adorable Japanese anemones, are good for specimen or dominant plantings. In rocky gardens, daffodil, oak and forest anemones are spectacular.

In small groups, forest, oak, and daffodil anemones form beautiful ground carpets. They are excellent under bushes, in container plantings. Pulsatilla anemone is used on sunny dry slopes, mountainous slopes, in parks and squares. The advantage of this anemone is that it does not require much maintenance.

Anemones are popular for cutting and forcing. They are preserved for a long time in the cut state, well transported. To obtain cut flowers from the genus of the anemone, crown and Japanese species and their varieties are especially popular. Of the terry forms, the most beautiful are chrysanthemum - white, pink, red, purple and other colors. They stay fresh in water for 7-10 days. Cut flowers in water almost do not react to light and shadow - they constantly remain open.