Black Raspberry - A Promising Garden Culture - Planting, Reproduction And Use In Cooking - Turn, Ember And Luck - 2

2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47

The technology of growing black raspberries is based on knowledge of the biological characteristics of the plant. Favorable conditions for the growth and development of culture are created on flat areas, relatively good - on the northern and northwestern slopes at an angle not exceeding 30 degrees. High yields are possible only on fertile loams and sandy loams. Black raspberries should not be planted in the area where red raspberries or apple trees were uprooted.

Avoid planting in areas that have emerged from under potatoes, tomatoes and other plants of the Solanaceae family, contributing to the infection of the crop with dangerous diseases, primarily verticillary wilting. In addition, it should be noted that black raspberries and blackberries cannot be planted together. There should be a distance of more than 10-15 m between them.

Planting raspberries. The preparation of the soil for planting is carried out in advance. Good soil preparation and compliance with crop rotation play an essential role in ensuring high yields. It is known that black raspberries with poor site preparation yields a yield two to three times lower than on a site prepared according to all the rules of agricultural technology. Site preparation is carried out for two years in compliance with the following crop rotation: first year - black fallow; the second year - row crops (carrots, garlic, onions, lettuce, celery, peppers, marigolds, marigolds). On the site planned for planting black raspberries, continuous application of organic fertilizers is carried out in spring or autumn (rotted manure, humus) at the rate of 15-20 kg per 1 m?, Which are embedded on the bayonet of a shovel. In the year of planting, local application of organo-mineral fertilizers to furrows and pits is required. In the conditions of home gardening, when planting raspberries, 1.5-2 m are left between the rows, and between the plants in a row - 0.5-0.7 m. Plants are planted in pits with a depth and diameter of 40-50 cm. In each pit on an average fertile podzolic soils make 6-8 kg of humus or peat compost, 150-200 g of superphosphate and 70-80 g of potassium sulfate. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers can be replaced with wood ash at the rate of 500-600 g per pit. The complex of fertilizers is thoroughly mixed with the soil and the resulting mixture is poured into the root system of the seedlings. Then the plants are abundantly watered and mulch the soil surface with peat, rotted compost or chopped straw in a layer of 6-10 cm. Digging furrows and holes is physically hard work. Sometimes, instead of deep holes, holes are dug with a depth of 20-30 cm and plants are planted in them. Local fertilization is not done. Such "preparation" reduces the yield of black raspberries by 50-70% during the entire rotation period.

You can plant black raspberries in the fall - at the end of September, October; in spring - immediately after the snow thaws; sometimes in summer. The negative aspects of each planting period should be considered. Plants planted in the fall can freeze during severe winters with little snow. During summer planting, favorable conditions are created for the survival of plants, but the roots can dry out with a lack of moisture, and the vegetative part can burn out from solar insolation. Black raspberry seedlings planted in spring are susceptible to spring-summer drying associated with drought or late planting. However, this crop takes root best when planted in spring. A person is able to eliminate all the negative aspects associated with this landing date. To do this, you should properly drop the seedlings and plant them as early as possible in the spring.

Black raspberry is easy to shape. One of the most popular methods is to form powerful, compact plants that hold the crop well, do not lodge and do not need support. For this, when the annual shoots reach a height of 50-60 cm, they are shortened by 7-10 cm. This causes the awakening of the axillary buds and the formation of lateral shoots up to 1 m or more from them by the end of summer. In early spring, before the beginning of the growing season, these shoots are shortened, leaving on each, depending on the strength of growth, from three to six buds. The weakest shoots are cut at the base. This method of pruning reduces the number of berries on the shoot, but this is compensated by an increase in their weight and high marketability.

Compositions from black raspberries. Various compositional figures can be formed from its plants every year. The formation of two bushes in the form of an "arch" can be performed both without pruning, and with its use. In the first case, the tops of the shoots of one bush are associated with the tops of the shoots of another bush. The shoots of opposite bushes are not connected with the near one, the distant one with the distant one, but according to the scheme: the near shoot of one bush is connected with the middle of the second bush, the middle of the first - with the distant second, the distant shoot of the first bush - with the near second. It is necessary to take into account the illumination, the coincidence of shoots in terms of growth and other factors. The twine when tying all the shoots should be solid, not segments, since they are given a certain direction to the shoots not only in the shape of the figure, but also inside the bush. In a black raspberry bush, 8-12 shoots are formed, depending on the variety,which, as they grow, deviate from each other in opposite directions. Shoots conveniently positioned to form an arch are left without pruning. Shoots that deviate strongly to the side can be cut off as soon as they reach a height of 1-1.2 m. Pruning consists in removing the top 10-20 cm long. You should pay the attention of amateur gardeners to the decorativeness of this method of cultivation. The harvest of black raspberries is formed by brushes in the form of an inverted umbrella, fruit branches with berries are located on the outside of the composition. It is necessary to pay the attention of amateur gardeners to the decorativeness of this method of cultivation. The harvest of black raspberries is formed by brushes in the form of an inverted umbrella, fruit branches with berries are located on the outside of the composition. It is necessary to pay the attention of amateur gardeners to the decorativeness of this method of cultivation. The harvest of black raspberries is formed by brushes in the form of an inverted umbrella, fruit branches with berries are located on the outside of the composition.

You can also cultivate black raspberries on a trellis. It is installed a year after planting the plants, for this, columns with a diameter of 10-15 cm are placed along the row after 8-10 m, to which wires are attached: one at a height of 60 cm, the other 120 cm. Shoots are tied to the wires in the spring, having previously shortened them to a length of 140-150 cm. Thickening of the shoots must not be allowed, as this worsens the light and water-nutritional regimes of plants, promotes the development of fungal diseases, which reduces the yield and its quality. Therefore, immediately after harvesting, it is necessary to cut out the fruit bearing shoots, remove them and burn them.

Reproduction of raspberries. Black raspberry seedlings are very rare on sale. Mostly it is propagated by apical cuttings, horizontal cuttings (like currants) and green cuttings. In the first case, layering is obtained by hilling the tops of growing shoots bent to the ground. Usually this work is performed at the end of summer, when the apical part of the shoot takes on an elongated serpentine shape and is covered with small wrinkled leaves. With normal watering, each shoot bud located in the ground forms adventitious roots. Small shoots also grow during the fall. For the winter, young shoots are covered with an insulating material (peat, humus) or spud with soil, and in early spring they are separated from the mother bush and planted in a permanent place or on a growing area.

When propagating by horizontal layers in early spring, all stems are cut off, leaving only boles 10-15 cm high. During the summer, well-developed shoots grow, which are pinned into grooves in August. When adventitious roots appear, shoots are sprinkled with soil, leaving the apical buds and leaves open. For better rooting, the layers are regularly watered, and for the winter they are spudded with soil or covered with insulating materials. By the fall of next year, young plants grow from the rooted shoots, which are separated from the mother bush and used. When propagating by horizontal layers, a larger number of seedlings are obtained, but the mother bush dies after 2-3 years due to intensive exploitation.

Reproduction of raspberries by black green cuttings in protected ground is widely used. For this, it is best to use greenhouses and greenhouses with automatic humidity control. The breeding work is done as soon as the lignification of the shoots begins. They are cut, cut into cuttings. Each stalk should have two to three buds and one and a half leaves. The cuttings are placed in a solution of the growth substance for 8-12 hours, then they are planted, deepening so that one bud with a leaf remains above the soil. A prerequisite for this method of reproduction are: a fogging installation, operating for 2-3 weeks; a layer of sand on the ridges with a thickness of 4-6 cm. The best time for planting rooted cuttings in the growing area is very early spring.

Using berries. Products of all varieties of black raspberries have a universal purpose (fresh and processed). They can be used to prepare such dessert products as compote, juice, jelly, jam, marshmallow, preserves, etc. Dried berries can be used, after grinding, to make mashed potatoes, jelly, creams. Black raspberries make an excellent wine like champagne. Especially good are compotes of red raspberries with black raspberries in a ratio of one to one or two to one, strawberries with black raspberries in the same ratio, currants, red raspberries and black raspberries in equal parts. Dried berries can be used to prepare an assortment of apples, pears, plums and other fruit plants with black raspberries.