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Video: How And What To Fertilize Beets And Onions
2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47
Read the previous part. ← How and what to fertilize carrots
The use of fertilizers in the cultivation of beets and onions
Beets, as a root crop, differ little from carrots in their biochemical reaction to applied fertilizers. The best quality beets are usually harvested with phosphorus and potash fertilizers and moderate doses of nitrogen.
Against the background of the introduction of manure 5 kg / m², lime 500-1000 g / m², urea 10-15, sodium nitrate 10-15, superphosphate 20-25, potassium magnesium 15-20, boric acid 1.0, cobalt sulfate 0.5, ammonium molybdate 0.1 g / m² beets give a high yield of tasty root crops with a cost price 2-3 times lower than that of those purchased from the store.
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Onions are one of the main vegetable crops. It contains proteins necessary for the human body (2%), sugars (6-12%), mineral salts (0.6-1.14%), vitamins (A, B, C, etc.), essential oils, phytoncides and etc. The composition of onion mineral salts includes potassium (150 mg per 100 g of raw weight), phosphorus (123 mg), calcium (29 mg), iron (0.4 mg), as well as zinc, aluminum, copper and other elements.
The taste and smell of onions depends on the essential oil, the content of which reaches 0.1%. Due to its specific aroma, onions stimulate the appetite and improve digestion, promoting good absorption of food. Aromatic substances of onions, which are part of the essential oil, cause bactericidal and phytoncidal action.
The value of onions increases due to the fact that they contain a lot of vitamin C. Thus, in the onion bulb it contains about 20 mg%, and in green leaves - 35 mg%. Onion vitamins can be used for food throughout the year, since the bulb is stored for quite a long time. In addition, it can be used to grow vitamin-rich greens.
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Onions make increased demands on the presence of mobile forms of nutrients in the soil. However, its root system is very sensitive to increased salt concentration. These features should be taken into account when applying increased doses of mineral fertilizers.
The use of fertilizers has a positive effect on the yield and onion quality. A full dose of mineral fertilizers slightly increased the total sugar content in onions (from 9.5 to 10.5%). Row fertilization increased the sugar content of the bulbs to 11.2%. The content of vitamin C and dry matter changed as follows: dry matter in the bulbs of the control variant was 11.5%, vitamin C - 9.1 mg%, and in the variant with the introduction of the full norm of fertilizers, respectively, 12.5% and 10 mg%.
The best effect of fertilizers on the yield and onion quality was achieved with the combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers. Of all the studied fertilization methods, the best was the use of manure and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for digging in the spring.
With an insufficient content of microelements in the soil, their use provides significant increases in onion yield and an improvement in product quality. The highest quality products have been obtained with the combined use of all trace elements.
Optimal doses of manure 6-8 kg / m², urea 20-30 g / m², double superphosphate - 20-30 and potassium chloride - 20-25 g / m² together with boric acid, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate 0.5 each and molybdate ammonium 0.2 g / m² can significantly increase the yield and quality of onions. The cost of purchasing fertilizers is easily recouped by an increase in yield and an increase in product quality.
One general remark, so as not to forget - the optimal doses and forms of fertilizers given in the article are given for medium-fertile soils and for application for digging in spring. When sowing, it is imperative to always add superphosphate 5-7 g / m². It is desirable to use them in the specified composition, however, the doses can be reduced for highly fertile or increased for poor sod-podzolic soils by one third.
Discussion of the problem shows that the correct use of fertilizers, taking into account local soil and climatic conditions, the requirements of cultivated crops, is always economically profitable and serves as a guarantee for obtaining high yields and good quality agricultural products. We wish you success!
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