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Video: Soil Care: Mistakes Of Agricultural Technology
2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47
Read the previous part. ← Soil care: you need to feed the soil, not the plants!
The seventh mistake
Such a technique as soil mulching is little used - this is the seventh mistake.
Mulching the soil allows you to keep the soil moist and fertile, mulch inhibits the growth of weeds, fights well against pests and plant diseases. When mulching, less effort is spent on weeding, watering and other work.
It is good to use peat, mowed grass from the lawn, sawdust, fallen leaves, and so on as mulch.
In the garden on the trunk circle, you can use black plastic wrap as mulch, stones laid out with beautiful ornaments, decorate the trunk circle with boards.
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Eighth mistake
Liming of acidic soils is poorly carried out - the eighth mistake. Almost all soils in our Northwest region are acidic. And the fight against soil acidity is either not carried out at all or is carried out in violation of technology. Everyone knows what lime is and what it is needed for, but they do not know how to use it correctly. Most often, gardeners and vegetable growers usually create the appearance that liming is being carried out. They are trying somewhere, somehow to sprinkle the beds with lime. But in most cases they do not know how to properly liming the soil.
Plants on acidic soils often starve, an excess of hydrogen blocks the pathways of metabolic reactions between the root and the soil, plants are deprived of the ability to absorb nutrients, although there are sufficient nutrients in the soil.
Lime fertilizers must be applied correctly. First, observe the dose. For five years, each square meter of soil must receive at least one kilogram of dolomite flour. Lime can be applied once or in portions annually. Secondly, the main condition for the correct application of lime fertilizers is thorough mixing of lime with the soil. This condition is practically not met.
Vegetable growers "dust" a little with lime and think that this is liming. But it’s not like that. With proper liming, finely ground dolomite flour must be evenly scattered over the soil surface, then immediately thoroughly mix it with the entire mass of soil by digging, while achieving the fullest mixing of the soil with fertilizer. Simply scattering lime over the soil is ineffective. Lime is a water-insoluble fertilizer, it does not react to neutralize acidity in layers, lumps. And in this case it is wasted.
To neutralize acidity, it is necessary that the finely ground lime fertilizer is thoroughly mixed with the soil, so that all lime particles come into contact with all small soil particles. This is the secret of liming, the secret of the interaction of alkaline fertilizer with acidic soil. Here, as in chemistry, the reactions proceed after thorough "shaking up", mixing of all interacting components.
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The ninth mistake
Many gardeners and vegetable growers like to "save" on fertilizers - this is the ninth mistake. They do not buy or apply a complete set of fertilizers, but like to apply one kind of fertilizer. It seems to them that the plant needs only him at the moment.
They often ask - how to feed the plants, do they grow badly? This is a fundamentally wrong question. The use of some nitrogen or some phosphorus or some other fertilizers unilaterally violates the nutritional regime of the soil, creates an imbalance of nutrients and does not give positive results.
The rule is not to save on fertilizers. Plants need a full range of fertilizers, approximately the same as indicated when considering the first error (see the first part of this article). Fertilizers are not dangerous, their shortage is more dangerous, plant starvation is dangerous. Plants, when starving, accumulate more toxic compounds in food products.
For example, an increased content of nitrates in products does not appear at all due to the fact that nitrogen nitrate fertilizers were introduced, as many think, but due to the fact that plants cannot assimilate them, digest them, since they are starving from a lack of copper, cobalt, molybdenum and other trace elements. Microelements and enzymes containing them are responsible for converting nitrates into amino acids and protein. With a lack of trace elements, there is an accumulation of nitrates in the cell sap of plants and the conversion of nitrogen into amino acids, while proteins are delayed. We learn about this by the increased content of nitrates in food products.
The tenth mistake
Agrotechnology of plant cultivation is often violated - this is the tenth mistake. Instead of precise technology, some kind of soil cultivation technology that is convenient or easier for the gardener is often used. Variants are invented on how to simplify the technology, to do without digging the soil or other measures. They forget to close the moisture in spring in time, do not carry out early spring harrowing, instead of moldboard or moldless plowing, light surface tillage is used, which supposedly helps to reduce soil contamination by weeds.
Plant nutrition areas are not maintained, thickened plantings are most often used. The necessary fertilizer application systems, weed control systems, plant diseases and pests are not being implemented. They often forget to dig the soil in autumn. Do not sow catch crops, green manure. Watering the soil irregularly. Digging the soil is often carried out poorly, there are many blocks, irregularities, and so on. These are all "wounds" on the ground that do not heal for a long time.
Gardeners and vegetable growers, having received a summer cottage and arriving at the country, think that they are the owners here, kings and gods, they do what they want. In fact, the gardener and vegetable grower at their summer cottage is just a small link in the natural food chain. On well-groomed and fertile soil, nothing threatens the gardener, and on "unkempt soil" there are much more threats. In the United States, a large fine can be paid for an unkempt lawn, for unmown grass on a lawn.
The fight against weeds, pests and plant diseases is poorly conducted, the garden plot usually turns into a real breeding ground for unnecessary plants and dangerous organisms. It is easy to cope with weeds in the germination phase by simple harrowing of the soil (forgotten), in a more adult state, it is necessary to destroy weeds before flowering and ripening of seeds (forgotten), with the spread of pests and diseases above the harmfulness threshold (death of 15-30-50% of the crop), go on more effective means and even on chemicals - they also forgot.
Irregular and insufficient watering of the soil is often found among violations of agricultural technology. Variable moisture and drying of the soil is very dangerous, while soil fertility is sharply reduced. During alternating drying and moistening, the nutrients are fixed by the soil without change, they enter the crystal lattice of minerals and become inaccessible to plants. The rule is to water the soil wisely, it is better to do this not often, but abundantly. It is necessary to water the entire feeding area, and not just around the plant in the hole.
Accurate observance of agrotechnical requirements for plant cultivation, soil cultivation is the law of safety, obtaining ecologically safe food. Each stage in the technological chain of plant cultivation must be performed accurately and on time.
On our soils, it is difficult to do without spring harrowing to cover moisture, spring plowing with a turnover for fertilizing, repeated cultivation and weeding in the fight against weeds, autumn digging of the soil to combat weeds and dangerous diseases and pests. And this is an incomplete list of mandatory activities that every gardener should carry out.
In addition, it is necessary to create paradises for soil and garden animals, they will help gardeners and vegetable growers to comply with the agricultural techniques of plant cultivation. A ladybug eats up to 150 aphids a day, toads and frogs destroy insects and snail eggs, bees and bumblebees pollinate plants - and this is just a small thing that garden animals do on your site.
To create favorable conditions for soil and garden animals, it is necessary to organize a useful mess in some corners of the dacha - an overgrown corner, a compost heap, a place with hemp and twigs to attract birds, hedgehogs, lacewings, hoverflies, and so on. Create beautiful heaps of brushwood, stones, boards, a corner with nettles and food plants for butterflies, caterpillars and birds, shelters for frogs, toads, hedgehogs. They are friends of gardeners and gardeners and hardworking helpers.
We hope that our advice will help you, dear readers, to avoid mistakes in summer cottage farming. There are many of them, but let them become less for you. We wish you success
Gennady Vasyaev, associate professor,
chief specialist of the
North-West regional scientific center of the Russian Agricultural Academy
Olga Vasyaeva, amateur gardener
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