How To Treat Dog Viral Infections - 2

2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47

MODERN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

PARVOVIRAL ENTERITIS Parvovirus enteritis (viral hemorrhagic enteritis of dogs) is an acute contagious disease caused by viruses from the parvovirus family and characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the intestinal mucosa and sometimes myocarditis. Two types of parvoviruses can infect dogs independently of each other: PVA-1 and PVA-2. These are small, DNA-containing viruses that do not have an outer envelope. The disease was first detected in the United States at the end of 1977. In our country, parvovirus enteritis was registered in 1980. Parvovirus enteritis occurs unexpectedly and progresses very rapidly. In some cases, the death of an animal is noted already on the 2-3rd day. Parvovirus enteritis affects dogs aged 2 months to 2 years, but most often puppies 2-2.5 months of age get sick. Infection more often occurs through feces (parvoviruses are very resistant in the environment and in favorable conditions can be in feces for more than six months), but the transplacental route of infection is also shown. The incubation period is 3-10 days. With careful attention to the pet, the onset of the disease can be recognized in the first hours. Unfortunately, many amateurs seek help on the 2nd or 3rd day, when the animal's condition is approaching critical and any, even the most qualified, help does not give positive results. At present, using the technology of monoclonal antibodies, the differential diagnosis of this most dangerous disease in laboratories equipped with the appropriate equipment can be carried out very quickly using the enzyme immunoassay, RTGA, as well as using electron microscopy. Symptoms:the onset of the disease is acute, severe vomiting with mucus, the feces become thin, yellow, then dark red, after 6-24 hours watery diarrhea develops, sometimes with blood; depression, fatigue, fever (not always), refusal to eat, apathy, thirst is characteristic, the puppy often comes to a bowl of water, drinks greedily, vomiting appears after drinking. Rapid exhaustion and dehydration is observed. A blood test reveals leukopenia. If these symptoms appear, you must urgently call a veterinarian! On the 2-3rd day after the onset of clinical symptoms, the temperature drops to 37.5-38 ° C. Deafness may develop. After parvovirus enteritis in severe form, myocarditis may develop, the mortality rate from which in the fulminant course of the disease reaches 70%,and of the remaining 30%, many then die from acute or chronic heart failure. Mortality from parvovirus enteritis is about 50%, but among puppies it can reach 90%. First aid: in the first two days, the dog should only be given water, and it is preferable to replace the water with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or a solution of rehydron. Make an enema - 100-500 ml of water with the addition of polysorb, which relieves pain. Small puppies can use a syringe for this purpose, and medium and large puppies can use Esmarch's mug. Enemas are best done repeatedly until clean water flows from the anus. Pay attention to the presence of blood in the stool. If vomiting is repeated, do not expect improvement, but contact the nearest veterinary clinic as soon as possible - dehydration in puppies occurs very quickly,and therefore they urgently need the help of a specialist. From medicines: fosprenil - 3-4 times a day / m, then according to the scheme: antibiotics (with parvovirus enteritis, lesions of the intestinal mucosa develop), gamavit 3 times a day for 3-5 days (inclusion of gamavit in the treatment of viral enteritis etiology in puppies allows you to achieve a reduction in the duration of treatment and almost 100% therapeutic efficacy), lactoferon (to restore normal intestinal microflora), as an antiemetic - metoclopromide, orally or subcutaneously every 6-8 hours. If vomiting is repeated, do not expect improvement, but contact the nearest veterinary clinic as soon as possible. Vitakan is indicated in the initial stages of the disease. Serums and globulins "Vitakan" are injected s / c 3-4 times with an interval of 12-24 hours, depending on the severity of the disease. During the recovery period, vitamin and mineral supplements are recommended, for example, SA-37. Remember that with parvovirus enteritis, the course of the disease can develop rapidly and the loss of every hour threatens the dog with death. The most effective method of preventing viral enteritis is the timely and correct vaccination of an animal with mono- or polyvalent vaccines. Effective is Nobivac DHP, a live vaccine that contains an attenuated vaccine strain of parvovirus C154, domestic vaccines: Dipentavac, Biovac-DRA or RA, etc. HERPES Canine herpesvirus causes acute infection in newborn puppies, respiratory disease (kennel, cough is also quite rare) abortion and / or stillbirth. The virus is usually transmitted transplacentally. Puppies over 2 weeks old rarely get sick,but they may develop a characteristic cough. In adult dogs, herpesvirus infection is usually asymptomatic, the virus can go into a latent form, but later (after stress, immunosuppression, glucocorticoid use) can be activated. Symptoms: in puppies 7-10 days of age: lack of appetite, diarrhea, usually yellowish-green in color, whining, chills against the background of normal body temperature, vomiting, salivation, weak nasal discharge, painful abdomen. If untreated, death sometimes occurs within hours or days after the onset of symptoms. In the presence of these symptoms in small puppies, an urgent need to consult a veterinarian. Treatment is prescribed by a veterinarian. Antiviral drug fosprenil is effective (better - in combination with maxidin). To stimulate cellular immunity - immunofan, glycopin. As a supporting and strengthening agent - gamavit. For diarrhea - enemas with polysorb, diarcan. PARAGRIPP Parainfluenza is an acute contagious disease that is caused by the parainfluenza virus of canines Paramixovirus canis and is accompanied by damage to the mucous membranes and inflammation of the respiratory tract. Antibodies to the parainfluenza virus are often detected not only in sick animals, but also in apparently healthy animals. Symptoms: the disease proceeds in the form of a catarrhal-mucous rhinitis, pharyngitis and tonsillitis, as a rule, without an increase in body temperature, although sometimes there is a short-term rise in body temperature to 40-40.5 ° C. Dry cough is characteristic. Tracheitis and bronchitis are less common. The general condition of the animals remains satisfactory. Treatment: fosprenil according to the "lung" schemediseases, 0.4% maxidine or immunofan. Bronholitin 2-6 ml 2-3 times a day after meals, gamavit. Warm drink and warm food. Prevention: vaccination with associated vaccines containing parainfluenza antigen, for example, Nobivac DHPPi and others. Used literature: 1. Belov A. D., Danilov E. P. and other Diseases of dogs. 2nd ed. M.: Kolos, 1995 2. Gaskell RM, Bennett M. Handbook of infectious diseases of dogs and cats. M. Aquarium, 1999. 3. Kravchik A. V., Spirin S. V., Sanin A. V. Independent veterinary aid to a dog. Minsk, Halton, 2001, 297 p. 4. Nimand HG, Suter P. F. Diseases of dogs. M., Aquarium, 2001, 806 p. 5. Sanin A. V., Lipin A. V., Zinchenko E. V. Traditional and non-traditional methods of treating dogs. Veterinary reference book. M., Tsentrpoligraf, 2002, 580 p. 6. Syurin V. N., Samuilenko A. Ya., Soloviev B. V., Fomina N. V. Viral diseases of animals. M., VNITIBP, 1998. 7. B. F. Shulyak. Viral infections of dogs. M., Olita, 2004, 566 p.