Tulip: Groups And Varieties, The Basics Of Agricultural Technology

2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47

Tulip - the messenger of spring

Amateur floriculture is widely developed in our country. We get great pleasure admiring the flowers, but it is even more pleasant if these flowers are grown with our own hands.

That is why the ranks of amateur gardeners are constantly growing, striving to turn every piece of land into a blooming meadow.

Every florist strives to have flowering plants in his garden from the very early spring. One of these plants is the tulip. Tulips (Liliaceae family) are rightfully gaining popularity in our country both among professional flower growers and among the population.

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About 60 species of tulips grow on the territory of Russia. In the wild, these plants are quite widespread in Central Asia, the Caucasus, in the steppes and semi-deserts of the European part of Russia and Western Siberia.

Tulips are very diverse in shape and structure of the flower, in color, as well as in plant height. The flowers are goblet and lily-like, simple and double, monochromatic and variegated, up to 13 cm long and up to 15 cm in diameter. They bloom in May-June, but in recent years, in the conditions of the central zone of Russia, there has been a shift in flowering several weeks earlier, which is associated with the deviation of climatic conditions.

This plant has a short growing season. After flowering, the leaves dry up, the bulbs enter a period of relative dormancy, but this rest is only apparent: a new flower is formed in the mother bulb during this time.

Tulips reproduce by daughter bulbs formed in the axils of the scales of the mother bulb, and by seeds. After flowering and drying of the leaves, around July, it is necessary to separate the daughter bulb and dry it for two days in the open air, protecting from rain and shading from the sun. Then the bulbs are cleaned of soil, roots and sorted.

Store the bulbs for the first three weeks at + 20 ° C. After that, the temperature is reduced to + 15 ° C, and then to 9 … 12 ° C. Air humidity is desirable within 80%. These conditions are maintained in storage until the bulbs are planted in open ground. At a higher temperature of the bulb, they are delayed with flowering.

When growing tulips, the bulbs must be dug up annually. This is the key to increasing the reproductive rate, growing bulbs and controlling pests and diseases.

The success of tulip cultivation depends on choosing the right planting site and proper soil preparation. For their placement, a well-lit place, protected from cold winds, is chosen. The groundwater level should not exceed 60 cm. If the water rises higher, this will lead to soaking and death of the bulbs.

An important condition when choosing a place for planting a tulip is a good predecessor. Such for him are all flower and vegetable crops, with the exception of bulbs and nightshades, the viral diseases of which are transmitted to tulips.

For planting, choose flat areas with light sandy loam, humus-rich soils, however, you should know that tulips cannot stand acidic soils. They grow best in neutral to slightly alkaline soil. Taking this into account, when preparing a plot for tulips, river sand (2 buckets per 1 m?) Should be added to clay soils, and, if necessary, lime (50–55 g per m?).

Tulip bulbs are planted in the ground in the fall so that they take root well before frost. For central Russia, the most suitable period is mid - late September - early October. Early flowering tulips are planted one to two weeks earlier than late flowering ones.

Before planting, you should carefully examine the bulb. The skin must be clean and the onion must be firm. If spots are found on the bulbs, it should be destroyed immediately. For prophylaxis, healthy specimens are treated with 0.2% foundation for 1 hour, dried and planted.

The bulbs are planted at a distance of 10-15 cm in a row, and between rows 30-40 cm, to a depth of 10-15 cm. However, it should be remembered that the planting depth and distance in a row directly depend on the size of the bulb, the larger it is, the more it should be the area around it. After the first frost, the planting site of the bulbs is covered with foliage, straw or humus with a layer of 25–30 cm.

Tulips require large doses of organic and mineral fertilizers. In the spring, as soon as sprouts appear, mineral fertilizer is applied between the rows to a depth of 10–12 cm. Two weeks later, fertilize with a liquid mullein with the addition of 20 g of suphosphate and 25 g of potassium chloride per bucket of solution. The third time the plants are fertilized during flowering - with a mullein solution with the addition of 25 g of suphosphate and 20 g of potassium chloride per bucket of solution.

With good soil preparation, plant maintenance is negligible. It consists in the systematic loosening of the soil, weeding and watering. Moreover, tulips are watered before the onset of yellowing of the aerial part, about two weeks after the end of flowering. It is at this time that new bulbs grow. Faded flowers must be pinched off.

Tulips are good for early flowering in the ground, they are excellent material for cutting, as well as for winter forcing. For a bouquet, tulips are cut with one or two leaves for better bulb development.

On some varieties, variegation is observed. This phenomenon is caused by a viral disease carried by sucking insects, as well as knives when cutting flowers. During flowering, it is necessary to destroy plants with variegated flowers so as not to infect other bulbs. For prevention, you need to periodically inspect the plantings and immediately remove plants with developmental disabilities along with the ground. This allows you to prevent the development of infection, if one appears.

All existing varieties of tulips, of which there are more than 4,000 thousand, are divided into a number of groups according to the shape of the flower and the timing of flowering.

Simple early blooms in early May for 15-30 days. Suitable for forcing. The best varieties of this group: IbisMon Trezor (pink), (yellow), Cooler Cardinal (red).

Terry early blooms simultaneously with simple early ones. Varieties of this group are also suitable for forcing. The best varieties: Electra (red), Murillo (white with a pink tint).

Triumph - bloom in the second half of May for 10–20 days. Plants of this group are tall with large goblet flowers. In most varieties, the main color is combined with a light edging. The best of them: Karrata (white), (carmine red with a silvery border), Aviator Algiba (pink-lilac with a raspberry hue).

Briderovskie - plants of this group bloom in late May - early June. The best variety is Dillenburg (orange-terracotta).

Mendelian flowers bloom in the second decade of May for 15-30 days. The best varieties of this group: Ger Grace (white-pink), White Sale (white).

Terry late tulips are varieties with double flowers that bloom at the end of May. The best of them: Nice (yellow with red feathery spots), Mount Tecoma (white with a cream shade), Symphony (black and purple).

Darwin's - varieties of this group bloom in the third decade of May for 15–20 days. This is a very diverse group in terms of the number of varieties. Flowers of the most varied colors and shapes - cupped, spherical and goblet. The best of them are: Demeter (purple), Aristocrat (lilac-pink with a raspberry hue), Queen of Knight (black-purple), Zwanenburg (white), Korneforos (red), Holden Harvist (yellow).

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Parrot tulips have intricately cut flowers. Plants of this group bloom at the end of May. Best: Fantasy (soft pink), Black Parrot (black and purple), Texas Gold (yellow), Red Champion (red).

Lily flowers - plants of this group are very similar in flower shape to a lily. Tepals are narrow with sharp tips. Bloom in mid-May. The best varieties of this group are: Aladdin (red-orange with golden edging), Arcadia (yellow), White Triumphant (white), Marietta (pale pink).

Darwin's hybrids. Plants of this group bloom in early May. The flowers are very showy - bright red. These tulips are suitable for forcing. They give excellent cutting material. Best varieties: London (red), Artist (yellow-red), Oxford (red), Parade (red).

Tulips delight flower growers with a variety of shapes, colors and sizes. They decorate our garden from the moment the snow melts until the beginning of summer. We associate these beautiful flowers with the arrival of spring and the onset of a new gardening season.