Signs Of Starvation Of Berry And Fruit Crops And The Elimination Of Starvation

2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47

Signs of starvation in berry crops

Strawberry fasting

Nitrogen. Reddening cloves appear on old leaves, then they gradually turn yellow and die off.

Bor. The plants are undersized. The leaves are cupped, wrinkled, brown at the edges. Berries grow together (fasciations).

Manganese. The leaves fade, interveinal chlorosis is observed, starting from the edges.

Potassium. The leaves wrinkle, the edges turn red, then turn brown and die off.

Phosphorus. The leaves are small, dark green with a bluish tinge. The petiole and large veins of the leaf are reddish with purple edges.

Gooseberry starvation

Iron. Chlorosis of the leaves appears in acute iron deficiency.

Potassium. The internodes are shortened. The edges of the leaves become yellow-green, then brown.

Manganese. Chlorosis of the leaves appears.

Signs of fasting raspberries

Bor. The leaves lengthen, thinner, and the depth of their cutouts increases. In less affected areas, they bend, their surface becomes uneven, the serration is indistinct, the edges curl downward. The kidneys die off. Fruit twigs do not develop. Low fruiting.

Iron. The leaves on the apical shoots turn yellowish, brown spots of dead tissue appear near the edges.

Potassium. The internodes are short, the shoots are thickened. The leaves are first reddish-purple, then a border of dead brown tissue appears along the edges. The berries ripen unevenly.

Magnesium. Chlorosis manifests itself on the lower leaves. Leaf discoloration between veins starts at the tips and spreads to the base of the leaf. Chlorous tissues die off.

Manganese. Interveinal chlorosis manifests itself on the leaves at the base of the shoots, gradually capturing more and more new tissues.

Phosphorus. The leaves take on a purple hue. Shoot growth slows down.

Fasting red currant

Magnesium. Chlorosis begins in the middle of the leaves, between the veins.

Phosphorus. Weak branching. The leaves are small, dull, speckled. The berries ripen poorly and taste sour.

Black currant starvation

Nitrogen. Shoots are short, thin. The leaves are small, pale green. Flowering is weak.

Iron. Chlorosis begins on young leaves of the apical shoots.

Potassium. The internodes are short, the shoots are thickened. The leaves are reddish-purple, later a brown border of dead tissue appears on the edges. The berries ripen unevenly.

Magnesium. Chlorosis begins in the middle of the old leaves, which turn purple-red. Veins and edges remain green.

Manganese. Plants respond to manganese deficiency only in acute deficiency. Chlorosis begins on the leaves between the veins.

Signs of starvation of fruit crops

Cherry starvation

Nitrogen. Young leaves are small, pale green, older ones are orange or purple, fall off early. Shoots are hard. Few fruit buds and flowers are formed.

Bor. The leaves are narrow with irregularly serrated edges. Shoots die off in spring. Winter hardiness of trees decreases.

Potassium. Leaves curl inward along the main vein.

Magnesium. Chlorosis begins in the middle of the leaf between the veins.

Manganese. Interveinal chlorosis begins at the edges of the leaves. The leaf blades become soft.

Zinc. The leaves are narrow, deformed, chlorotic.

Starving pear

Nitrogen. Shoot growth weakens, they harden. Young leaves turn pale green, old ones turn orange or red. Few fruit buds and flowers are formed.

Bor. Small, sparsely located leaves turn black and do not always fall off. The fruits take on an ugly shape, turn cork, the skin cracks.

Iron. The leaves on the tops of the shoots are chlorotic, yellow-green with bright green veins.

Potassium. A burn forms on the leaves. Fruits are small, slightly colored. Some branches dry out.

Magnesium. Chlorosis of leaves between veins is observed.

Manganese. Interveinal chlorosis begins at the edges of the leaves.

Copper. At the ends of the shoots, the leaves wither and die off. The growth of the apical buds stops. Flowering and fruit set are weak.

Phosphorus. The leaves are located at an acute angle to the shoot. The quality of the fruit is low.

Plum starvation

Nitrogen. Young leaves are small, pale green, old ones are orange, red or purple. Shoots grow slowly and harden.

Potassium. On the edges of the leaves, a burn is formed in the form of a crimson strip, they dry up and die off.

Manganese. Interveinal chlorosis begins at the edges and covers the entire leaf, which becomes soft.

Copper. 2 months after flowering, the apical buds die off, the leaves at the ends of the shoots become yellowish. There is a rupture of the bark with the release of gum.

Phosphorus. Leaves with ocher green or bronze veins are located at an acute angle to the shoot.

Zinc. The leaves are small, narrow.

Apple tree starving

Nitrogen. Leaves become smaller, turn orange or red with age, fall off early. Leaf petioles grow at an acute angle to the shoot, which does not grow and looks thickened. Fruits are hard, rough.

Bor. The leaves turn yellow, take on an ugly shape, the tops and edges die off. The fruits become corky, become ugly, the peel cracks.

Iron. Young leaves are chlorotic, almost white, with brown spots on the edges. Fruits take on a pale, earthy color.

Potassium. The leaves are chlorotic, with a gray, brown or brown border at the edges. Individual branches dry out. The fruits are lightly colored.

Calcium. The edges of the young leaves curl upward, break and die off. The apical buds dry out. Brown spots form in the fruit pulp.

Magnesium. On the leaves located at the base of the growth shoots of the current year, light or gray-green spots appear between the veins, passing on to the leaves of fruiting shoots. The fruits are small and tasteless. Frost resistance of shoots is reduced.

Manganese. Interveinal chlorosis begins at the edges and covers the entire leaf.

Copper. The internodes are shortened. The rosette of the leaves is observed, they fall off. The growth of the apical buds stops. Flowering and fruit set are weak.

Phosphorus. Few new leaves are formed, they are small, fall off early. Fruits are few and small.

Zinc. Rosette and crushing of leaves are observed. Dry top of the tree is formed. Fruits form ugly.

How to quickly eliminate plant starvation

Almost all the described signs of starvation in adult plants are irreversible, they cannot be completely avoided, even by spraying the plants with the appropriate fertilizers. They most often serve as a signal for action in the next year and in the years to come. Therefore, there is no need to wait for obvious signs of plant starvation. It is always better to carry out preventive spraying of plants, which will avoid the appearance of irreversible phenomena during plant starvation.

Foliar feeding allows you to significantly adjust the development and growth of plants. The costs for its implementation are small, so it is necessary to use it in a timely manner in the fight against plant starvation. The methods of its implementation are different. In this article, we will focus only on liquid foliar as a simpler and more accessible top dressing for everyone.

You should not think that you are late with feeding. Of course, the sooner they are held, the better. However, as soon as you remember about this, immediately spray it, and its positive result will not slow down to affect the plants.

The absorption of fertilizer solutions and various salts by leaves, as well as their effective use by plant organs, has now been fully confirmed using the method of labeled atoms. The introduction of nutrients through the leaves allows you to significantly provide the necessary nutrients for plants when they need them most, and precisely in the required ratio. If the absence of any nutrients or imbalance in nutrition is detected only in the middle or in the second half of summer, foliar feeding becomes the only possible, quick and effective way of introducing nutrients.

Foliar fertilizers can be absorbed by plants five times better than the same amount of nutrients when absorbed from the soil. However, it must be remembered that top dressing does not replace the use of the main fertilizer, it is only additional nutrition to the main fertilizer, it helps to fight plant hunger. In addition, under the influence of foliar feeding, the number of herbivorous insects decreases, and the proportion of plants affected by diseases decreases.

Foliar dressing increases the quality and quantity of the crop, reduces the loss of fertilizers in comparison with their introduction into the soil, and allows the consumption of fewer microelements. They are irreplaceable on arid, saline and cold soils, when conventional dry mineral dressing is impractical. Foliar dressing promotes the introduction of nutrients directly through the leaves, that is, into those organs in which fertilizers are most effectively used by plants.

If the supply of nutrients is disrupted or the outflow of plastic substances to economically valuable plant organs is delayed, foliar feeding has a positive effect during the period of crop formation. It allows you to strictly differentiate plant nutrition in different phases of the growing season, controls the quality and quantity of the crop, and stimulates the ability of plants to absorb fertilizers applied to the soil. Foliar dressing can be carried out with narrowed row spacings and on continuous crops.

Fertilizers applied to the soil are the main suppliers of nutrients, and foliar dressing is a quick additional nutrition of plants. Nutrients applied to the leaf, being absorbed, quickly pass into the free cavities of the leaf, reach the cytoplasm, are actively introduced into it and go through the same synthesis path there as the elements that entered the plant as a result of the absorption of ions by the root cells.

The effectiveness of foliar dressings is largely determined by the rate of absorption of nutrients applied to the leaves. So, 50% absorption of a nutrient solution of nitrogen occurs in 1-4 hours, phosphorus - 1-11 days, potassium - 1-4 days, calcium - 4-5 days, and 20% magnesium solution - in 1 hour, sulfur - 8 days, iron and molybdenum - 3-5 days, manganese and zinc - 1-2 days.

Spraying plants with a solution of all nutrients, as opposed to spraying the leaves with individual nutrients, is called complete foliar dressing.