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Foliar Dressing Of Fruit And Vegetable Crops - How To Avoid Plant Starvation
Foliar Dressing Of Fruit And Vegetable Crops - How To Avoid Plant Starvation

Video: Foliar Dressing Of Fruit And Vegetable Crops - How To Avoid Plant Starvation

Video: Foliar Dressing Of Fruit And Vegetable Crops - How To Avoid Plant Starvation
Video: Foliar Feeding Vegetable Plants For Insane Yields (2018) 2024, March
Anonim

How to understand what is missing for the normal development of a particular culture

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Nutrients can be applied to the leaves as a powder or solution. This is best done after rain or early in the morning when dew is on the leaves. However, pollination is a less effective method than spraying, in which fertilizers are consumed 2-5 times less. In the practice of gardening, spraying is used much more often, especially when microelements are added that are required in very small quantities.

In an area where a lack of nutrients is observed annually, fertilizers, regardless of the culture, are best applied to the leaves in advance, without waiting for the visible signs of plant starvation. Spraying is advisable in the evening, so that the solution does not dry out immediately, but is absorbed into the leaves. If precipitation falls within 6 hours after spraying, fertilizing should be repeated.

In most plant species, it is necessary to spray the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves, since the nutrients are better absorbed through the lower part. When processing crops, the dose and concentration of the fertilizer solution should be strictly observed. To avoid burning the leaves, it is necessary that the solution is distributed evenly, without forming large drops. Therefore, it is advisable to use sprayers that form a thin cloud and make sure that the total solution does not reach a level at which leaf burns are possible.

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Vegetable crops

The consumption rate of the working fluid for vegetables, melons and gourds, potatoes is not more than 1 liter, strawberries - 1-2 liters per 10 m², gooseberries - 1-1.5 liters, currants - 1.5 liters, raspberries - 1.5-2 l per bush. For trees up to 5 years old, 2-3 liters of solution are required, for fruit-bearing trees - 6-10 liters per tree.

Vegetable nutrients should be diluted with 10 liters of water. The consumption rate of the working fluid is 1 liter per 10 m² of landings.

Eggplant. Spraying with manganese sulfate (5 g) increases yields by 30% and increases the vitamin C content to 5.7 mg /%.

Zucchini. Double spraying with urea (1 tablespoon) with an interval of 10-12 days during the filling of the fruit helps to increase the duration of the fruiting phase and the general strengthening of plants.

White cabbage. Spraying with boric acid (10 g), ammonium molybdate (10 g), manganese sulfate (5 g) and potassium iodide (0.1 g), as well as copper sulfate (5 g) and zinc sulfate (5 g) enhances plant growth, accelerates ripening. Boron and molybdenum increase the density of the heads. The yield will be higher if, along with the treatment of seeds with manganese sulfate (10-20 g) during the growing season, 2-3 times the treatment of plants with the above fertilizers is carried out. Spraying with a 0.25% solution of ammonium nitrate is also effective at least 4-6 times during the growing season.

Cauliflower. Spraying with a mixture of boron and molybdenum (2.5 g each) in the phase of three to four leaves and treatment of plants with ammonium molybdate (10 g), manganese sulfate (5 g) and zinc sulfate (5 g) in the head tying phase accelerates the maturation of the heads by 7 -10 days. The highest yield is obtained by feeding with manganese, and the best yield of heads with molybdenum.

Potatoes. Spraying with manganese sulfate (10 g) or in combination with superphosphate (20 g), zinc sulfate (10 g) or copper sulfate (10 g) increases the content of dry matter and starch in tubers, increases the yield by 50%.

Bulb onions. Spraying with boric acid (5 g) increases the yield by 23%. The effect of top dressing in dry hot summers is higher than in cold and rainy summers.

Carrot. During the growing season, spraying with boric acid (10-20 g per 10 l of water), and at the end of summer - with a 0.4% solution of manganese sulfate at least three times increases the yield, increases the content of sugar and carotene in root crops. Treatment of plants with potassium chloride (20 g) is also recommended. Spraying with copper, zinc and manganese sulfate (10-20 g per 10 l of water) increases the yield of root crops by 20-40%.

Cucumbers. Presowing soaking of cucumber seeds in a solution of zinc sulfate (5 g) in combination with foliar feeding with the same substance (2-3 g) increases the yield by 30%. Spraying with ammonium nitrate (40-50 g) in the flowering and fruiting phase improves the nitrogen nutrition of plants. Urea treatment (1 tablespoon) accelerates the onset of fruiting. Top dressing with boric acid (5 g) and manganese sulfate (2 g) is effective. Elements of mineral nutrition, penetrating into leaf tissue, stimulate the development of the reproductive organs of the plant, prevent the fall of female flowers and lengthen the fruiting period. It is advisable to fertilize with an interval of 12-15 days. Of interest is the treatment of plants with a mixture containing 4-5% superphosphate, 0.5% potassium chloride, 0.1% magnesium sulfate and 0.03% boric acid. The mixture is prepared immediately before spraying,and the superphosphate extract is done in a day. When growing cucumbers in greenhouses, for normal development and long-term fruiting, foliar dressing must be carried out at least 2-3 times a month, starting from the fifth week after planting. Approximate doses of mineral fertilizers: potassium sulfate - 7-8 g, urea - 10-20 g, ammonium nitrate - 5-7 g and simple superphosphate - 10-12 g per 10 liters of water.

Pepper. Spraying with manganese sulfate (3 g) and copper sulfate (5 g) increases the yield by 25-45%.

Beetroot. Spraying with potassium chloride (10-15 g) in combination with boric acid (5 g) or urea (1 tablespoon) promotes the development of the leaf surface and strengthens the plants. Top dressing with copper, zinc and manganese sulfates (10 g per 10 l of water) increases the yield by 20-40%.

Tomatoes. Soaking the seeds in a solution of copper sulfate (2 g) and foliar feeding of seedlings with brown (2 g) or copper sulfate (0.5 g) doubles the fruit yield. Spraying with superphosphate (10 g), potassium chloride (8 g) and boric acid (0.5 g) in the second to fourth leaf phase significantly strengthens the plants. A bucket of nutrient mix is sufficient for 200 plants. Spraying with urea (1 tablespoon) is useful for low leafy plants and lagging behind in growth at a consumption of 10 liters per 10 plants. Effective processing of tomatoes in the phases of budding, flowering and fruit setting on the first brush with a mixture containing 0.5% ammonium nitrate, 2% superphosphate and 1% potassium chloride, or manganese sulfate (5 g). When growing tomatoes in greenhouses, an important place is given to foliar dressing with microelements, which are especially effective during periods of poor lighting,at low air temperatures and poorly developed root system. They are held once a month. To do this, 0.8-1 g of boric acid, 0.7-1 g of manganese sulfate, 0.2 g of copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, cobalt sulfite and 0.1 g of ammonium molybdate are dissolved in 1 liter of water. For 10 liters of water, take 10 ml of this solution. Spend 2.5-3 liters per 10 m². In the phase of mass flowering, tomatoes are sprayed with a solution of magnesium sulfate (10-12 g), since the plants are especially sensitive to its lack. Of the mineral fertilizers, it is effective to give monthly potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and simple superphosphate (9-10 g per 10 liters of water).cobalt sulfite and 0.1 g of ammonium molybdate. For 10 liters of water, take 10 ml of this solution. Spend 2.5-3 liters per 10 m². In the phase of mass flowering, tomatoes are sprayed with a solution of magnesium sulfate (10-12 g), since the plants are especially sensitive to its lack. Of the mineral fertilizers, it is effective to give monthly potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and simple superphosphate (9-10 g per 10 liters of water).cobalt sulfite and 0.1 g of ammonium molybdate. For 10 liters of water, take 10 ml of this solution. Spend 2.5-3 liters per 10 m². In the phase of mass flowering, tomatoes are sprayed with a solution of magnesium sulfate (10-12 g), since the plants are especially sensitive to its lack. Of the mineral fertilizers, it is effective to give monthly potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and simple superphosphate (9-10 g per 10 liters of water).

Berry crops

Dilute berry nutrients in 10 liters of water. The consumption rate of the working fluid for plantings of strawberries is 1-2 liters per 10 m², gooseberries - 1-1.5 liters, currants - 1.5 liters, raspberries - 1.5-2 liters per bush. Before flowering, it is useful to lightly sprinkle berry bushes with a solution of chicken manure (50 g per bucket), and 5-15 days after flowering, feed with urea and superphosphate.

Strawberries. Spraying with ammonium molybdate (1.5-3 g), 0.1% borax solution (10 g), solutions of zinc sulfate (1-2 g), boric acid (1-3 g), as well as a mixture of boron and zinc in the budding and flowering phase increases the yield by 15-20% and improves the quality of berries. Treatment of strawberries with urea (30 g) in August contributes to the better setting of flower buds for the future harvest.

Gooseberry. Spraying with zinc sulfate (2 g), boric acid (2 g) and urea (1 tablespoon) during budding and flowering strengthens the plants and increases the yield by 10-20%.

Black and red currants. Spraying with copper sulfate (1-2 g), boric acid (2-2.5 g), manganese sulfate (5-10 g), zinc sulfate (2-3 g) and ammonium molybdate (2-3 g) is carried out in addition to the main fertilizers in June. When spraying currants with urea (1 tablespoon), it is useful to add 1-2 superphosphate matchboxes to the solution. During flowering, it is recommended to spray currants 2-3 times within three days with a 0.1% borax solution (10 g).

Fruit crops

For fruit crops, nutrients should be diluted in 10 liters of water. The consumption rate of working fluid for one tree up to 5 years is 2-3 liters, for a fruit-bearing tree - 6-10 liters.

Apple tree, pear, plum, cherry. Foliar dressing of fruit crops improves the development of trees, increases the marketable quality and quantity of fruits, contributes to the accumulation of organic matter reserves in tissues, and increases frost resistance. In the spring, 10-15 days after flowering, trees are sprayed with a 0.3% solution of urea, in June - July and autumn - with urea (0.6%), double superphosphate (2-3%) and sulfate salts (1%). This increases the yield of fruits. Spraying the crown with urea after the petals have fallen off (apple tree 20-40 g, pear 10-20 g, plum and cherry 50-60 g) protects the leaves from burns. For 1 g of the drug, add 1.4 g of lime. Treating trees with zinc sulfate (3-5 g), manganese (5-8 g) and boric acid (10-20 g) improves the process of photosynthesis and reduces the degree of fruit shedding. A mixture of copper sulfate (2-5 g),boric acid (5-10 g) and manganese sulfate (1-10 g depending on the age of the tree) strengthens fruit crops, increases their resistance to pests. Spraying with zinc sulfate (4-5%) during dormancy eliminates zinc starvation of crops. For better growth of apical buds, an apple tree, a pear and a plum in the pre-growing season are sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate at the rate of 1 g per 10 liters of water. The same preparation (1-10 g, depending on the age of the tree) can be sprayed on foliage after the flower petals fall. This improves the commercial quality of the fruit.pear and plum in the pre-growing season are sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate at the rate of 1 g per 10 liters of water. The same preparation (1-10 g, depending on the age of the tree) can be sprayed on foliage after the flower petals fall. This improves the commercial quality of the fruit.pear and plum in the pre-growing season are sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate at the rate of 1 g per 10 liters of water. The same preparation (1-10 g, depending on the age of the tree) can be sprayed on foliage after the flower petals fall. This improves the commercial quality of the fruit.

Top dressing with superphosphate (30 g) or potassium sulfate (20 g) in August-September increases frost resistance. The amount of dressings depends on the yield: 2-3 - with medium and 3-4 - with high. To enhance the nutrition of trees, it is useful to add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to microelements, that is, 20 g of ammonium nitrate or 15 g of urea, 100 g of superphosphate, 20-30 g of potassium chloride or 30-40 g of potassium sulfate. So that the leaves do not turn yellow prematurely, and the shoots do not die off, fruit crops are sprayed with a solution of ferrous sulfate at the rate of 5 g per 10 l of water. To reduce the development of fruit heart rot, plants are sprayed with boric acid (2 g per 10 l of water).

Flower crops

Spraying flower seedlings with a mixture of ammonium nitrate (7 g), superphosphate (10 g) and potassium salt (4 g) strengthens plants and improves flowering. The nutrient mixture in the indicated doses is diluted in 10 liters of water.

Asters and phloxes. Spraying plants with a mixture of boric acid (2 g), manganese sulfate (3 g) and zinc sulfate (3 g) increases the seed productivity of flower crops by 25-40%.

Carnation. Spraying the leaves with potassium nitrate or calcium (20 g) increases the strength and thickness of the stem, and prevents the calyx from cracking. Processing is carried out after 7-10 days. 4-5 weeks after planting the cuttings, the plants are given weekly foliar feeding with a solution of urea (50 g) and mullein (1:10).

Dahlias. Spraying with boric acid (5 g) and potassium permanganate (2 g per 10 l of water) favorably affects the development of flowering plants. Top dressing is given three times (before mass flowering) in the evening with an interval of 15-20 days.

Gladioli. Spraying the leaves with a weak solution (5 g each) of superphosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride promotes plant growth and development. Processing is carried out with the development of the third and sixth leaves, before flowering, during the formation of the peduncle and twice when inflorescences appear. With a lack of calcium, spraying with calcium nitrate (15-20 g) is effective 10-14 days before flowering.

Roses. From the beginning of blooming and during the period of mass flowering, spraying with iron chelate (10 g) gives good results. Spraying with a mixture of urea (25 g), manganese sulfate (3 g), zinc sulfate (2.5 g), boric acid (2 g), ferrous sulfate (3.5 g) and copper sulfate (1 d).

Lilac. Spraying seven-year-old bushes 3-4 times with 1% urea solution every 7-10 days, starting from the budding phase (mid-June), increases the number of flower brushes by 70%.

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Starvation can also be caused by damage to plants by pests and diseases. However, the correct application of fertilizers contributes to the growth of crop yields, increases their resistance to harmful influences and creates unfavorable conditions for pests and diseases. Foliar dressing accelerates the growing season, which disrupts the synchronization of the life cycles of the development of plants and harmful objects, reduces the possibility of damage to crops and leads to a decrease in the fertility of pests. Top dressing helps to increase the thickness of cell walls, cuticles and epidermis, change the osmotic pressure of cell sap in plants, which also increases their resistance to damage, especially by sucking insects.

There is information about the positive effect of foliar feeding on beneficial invertebrates, ground beetles, spiders, ladybirds, rove beetles and others, the population density of which doubles 7-10 days after spraying.

If crops are sprayed only with nitrogen fertilizers, pests become widespread, since this lengthens the growing season and more watering plant tissues. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers accelerate the development of plants, as a result of which their attractiveness for the spread of aphids is reduced.

We wish everyone success in the fight against plant starvation and in the battle for the harvest!

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