Growing Green Onions

2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47

← Read the previous part "Vegetative propagation of onions"

Growing onions on a leaf

For conveyor production of green onions in the open field, they are grown from a sample, set, seeds. In spring and summer, when such early vegetables as lettuce, radishes and others appear, usually consumed with green onions, its importance increases.

It should be noted that during this period of the year the human body especially needs vitamins.

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Growing green onions from a selection and set

For forcing green onions, pick onions are most often used, i.e. smaller bulbs of the second year of life or large-sized sets selected from commercial onions. The highest yields are yielded by onions of multi-primordial varieties or of the second year of life, as well as vegetatively propagated onions. Picked onions can be planted both in winter and in spring, it is more advisable to plant onion sets in spring, since small bulbs freeze in some winters. The sample in the Leningrad Region is planted under winter until October 10, so that the plants have time to take root before the onset of persistent frosts, but do not start growing. In the southern regions, planting dates are shifted.

For podzimny planting choose areas with light soils, well warmed up and quickly freed from snow and melt water in spring. The bulbs are planted on the beds with a bridge or half-bridge (with a distance between the bulbs of 1 cm), followed by a 1-2 cm layer of earth, and with a steady cold snap - with peat or humus 6-8 cm thick. The onion covered in this way overwinters well.

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Fig.9. Planting a pick on a green leaf before winter and spring

In the spring, as soon as the soil thaws, the top layer of the shelter is removed. In May, the onions are ready for harvest. Its yield is 3.5-8.0 kg / m². To speed up the forcing of onions in March - early April, snow is removed from the areas occupied by onions and portable film structures are installed. In such shelters, when irrigated with warm water with simultaneous feeding with nitrogen fertilizers, the yield of products is accelerated for 8-12 days.

For intensive leaf growth, moist soil, a temperature of 18-20 ° C and good illumination are required. When planting in winter and a combination of film structures with open ground, green onions are delivered from the beginning to the end of May. The advantage of podzimny planting of onions in a peculiar way of storing planting material and rational use of time in the period after harvesting in autumn, as well as in the early arrival of the harvest (Fig. 9).

The next period for the conveyor supply of green onions from open ground is ensured by early spring planting of bulbs. Onions and sets are planted in warm fertile areas with well-cultivated light soil. You can do the spring planting of the bulbs in steps, with an interval of 7-10 days. The bulbs are planted on a ridge with a distance between rows and in a row of 5-7 cm. At the same time, better nutrition and illumination conditions are created for the plants and, as a result, the yield of green onions increases in relation to the planting material. Thickened (half-bridge and pavement) planting for 3-5 days accelerates the readiness of the crop, allows more intensive use of the area, but the increase in production is 30-60% less.

Fig. 10. The influence of the planting scheme on the growth and development of plants when growing green onions from seedlings

Caring for plants is reduced to watering and nitrogen feeding. Harvesting is carried out a month after the beginning of onion regrowth with a leaf length of 30-40 cm.

Before planting, onion sets must be sorted into fractions and planted separately. The larger the fraction, the higher the yield, since small bulbs form up to 10-14 leaves, large ones - up to 18-22. In addition, plants from large bulbs increase the height faster, and from small ones they ripen for harvesting 15-20 days later. Onion sets are planted on a ridge of 5-10 rows with a distance of 10-20 cm between them. In a row between the onions 5-6 cm. On 1 m2, depending on the size of the set, 0.05-0.2 kg is consumed (rice.ten).

In 50-60 days after germination, the yield of green onions will reach a maximum. In the future, the increase in the yield of green onions is due to the bulbs, the leaves become coarse and lose their commercial qualities. Narrow-row planting allows you to place more plants on a unit area, their leaves are thinner, longer, the yield per unit area is higher, but this planting method makes inter-row cultivation difficult.

Plant care: loosening row spacings, weeding in rows, watering, 1-2 fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers.

Figure 11 shows the efficiency of growing green onions using bulbs of various sizes.

Growing green onions from seeds

Fig. 11. Productivity of green onions when grown from bulbs of various sizes

Before sowing seeds, you must carefully prepare the soil. 4-5 kg of humus or compost, 20-30 g of ammonium nitrate and superphosphate and 10-20 g of potassium chloride are applied per 1 m² under the predecessor. Onion seeds can be sown in early spring - in early - mid-May, in summer - until the end of June and before winter - in late October - early November before the soil freezes. During the winter sowing period, grooves are made in advance in which the seeds are sown, and peat or soil is prepared for seeding after sowing.

In this case, seedlings appear no later than the third decade of April, in early - mid-July, green onions are ready for harvest. It is possible to sow onions to obtain greenery with a distance between rows of 45 cm, as well as three or five double ribbons on the ridge. Consumption of onion seeds is 1.5-2 g / m², with winter sowing - 20-25% more.

Before sowing, the seeds are soaked and sown in moist soil, and from above, after seeding, they are mulched with plastic wrap, lutrasil, humus or peat.

When growing green onions from seeds, it is important to select a variety. Southern, late, sweet and semi-sweet onion varieties, such as Kaba, Krasnodar G-35, Spanish 313, Karatalsky, Johnson, Golden Ball, etc., do not form bulbs in North-West Russia in conditions of a long day, but form a large mass of greenery 60-80 days after germination.

Caring for plants when growing green onions is reduced to frequent loosening, weeding, watering, feeding. Onions are very responsive to watering with nitrogen fertilization (especially urea) - they yield greens faster. Plants are usually fed twice per growing season, using 5-10 g / m² of nitrogen fertilizers. The first feeding is done 15-20 days after germination, the second - 20-25 days after the first.

Harvest the green onions along with the onions. It should be noted that green onions grown from seeds retain marketable qualities for a long time, do not shoot. In addition, the food part is 95-97% of the plant mass, while peeling green onions grown from bulbs sometimes loses up to 30%. Greens have a more pleasant aroma, there is no smell of "waste" onion. When growing green onions from seeds, plants are less affected by diseases and pests than when using onions for forcing onto a leaf. From 1 m², 1.5-2.5 kg of green onions are obtained. The size of the harvest depends on the variety, cultivation technique and sowing time. Sowing early, allowing the use of spring moisture, provides a higher yield.

Growing green onions in seedlings

Fig. 12. Schedule of conveyor cultivation of green onions in the spring-summer period

With this method, products are obtained earlier, and the yield is higher than when grown from seeds. For this purpose, the same varieties are used as for sowing directly into the ground.

Seedlings are grown in the same way as for obtaining turnip onions. On the ridge, it is planted more thickened (after 4-5 cm). Care consists in maintaining the site in a loose state and carrying out 2-3 dressings with ammonium nitrate or urea. The soil must be sufficiently moist throughout the period.

Harvesting begins when the plants reach a height of 30-40 cm. You can do selective harvesting by removing the largest plants. The rest in a relatively short period will grow and give a large mass of greenery by the time of harvest.

Using various cultivation methods, it is possible to ensure the conveyor supply of green onions in the spring and summer period (Fig. 12).

All parts of the article "Growing onions in the North-West region"

• Part 1. Biological characteristics of onions
• Part 2. Interesting varieties of onions
• Part 3. Preparing the soil for planting onions
• Part 4. Growing onions through the set
• Part 5. Growing onions from seeds
• Part 6. Vegetative propagation of onions
• Part 7. Growing green onions