Diseases And Pests Of Peppers

Cultivation of sweet pepper in the conditions of the Leningrad region. Part 5

Wilt diseases

Of all pepper diseases, wilting is the most damaging. This disease manifests itself either in the constant dropping of leaves of pepper for 10-15 days, or in the wilting of the entire plant in one day.

There are several reasons for this phenomenon. These are fungi of the genus Fusarium, verticillum, and bacteria that cause bacteriosis. The second reason is the harmful effect of high temperature on the soil surface and its sharp fluctuations.

The main forms of withering control are: seed dressing before sowing; soil treatment with copper sulfate - watering is carried out at the rate of 40 g of the drug per 10 liters of water, consuming 1 liter per m²; streamlining the timing, norms and methods of irrigation, ensuring the maintenance of soil moisture without sharp fluctuations in its temperature; refusal of daytime watering in the heat; loosening the soil to prevent the formation of a crust that suffocates the plant at high temperatures; mulching the soil surface, especially around plants.

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Bacterial leaf spot. Small watery spots appear on the fruits, which quickly turn brown, and cracks appear, where saprophytic fungi penetrate, increasing fruit rot. This disease also affects the leaves, which turn brown and die off. You can fight this disease only by dressing seeds and spraying with potassium permanganate and copper sulfate.

Fetal bacteriosis. Light yellow spots appear on real leaves, which grow brown and lead to drying and falling of the leaves. Small weeping spots appear on the fruits, which then greatly increase, acquire a beige or brown tint. The affected part of the fruit dries up and shrivels. The source of the disease is diseased seeds, contaminated soil.

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Gray mold, white mold and black spot. These diseases spread quickly on leaves, stems, fruits and even roots. The yield is greatly reduced. The main control measures are: sowing with disinfected seeds, soil treatment with fungicides, destruction of diseased fruits, residues, good ventilation.

Pests

Pests (aphids, spider mites and slugs) bring the greatest harm to pepper. To combat them, amateur vegetable growers are better off using folk remedies - infusions, decoctions and powders made from plants that have toxic properties and are less dangerous to humans than chemical preparations. So, it is effective to deal with aphids by spraying peppers with decoctions and infusions made from wormwood, yarrow.

Infusion of tobacco dust can be successfully used against spider mites. To do this, 400 g of tobacco dust is insisted in 10 liters of water during the day. Then the infusion is boiled for two hours and filtered. After cooling, for each liter of broth add 1 liter of water and 40 g of soap.

The greenhouse whitefly causes a lot of trouble for peppers. This is a small insect 1-1.5 mm in size, a pale yellow body, covered with a white waxy coating. The larvae suck out the juice, since when colonized, they reproduce quickly and quickly form a high number. This leads to a decrease in the assimilation activity of the leaves, they curl and dry out. An original method of fighting an adult whitefly has become widespread by catching aluminum plates 100-125 cm in size, painted yellow and covered with Pestifix entomological glue, placed in greenhouses (at the tops of plants at a distance of 40 cm). Glue consumption - 100-150 g / m². It is enough to have 1 trap in a greenhouse of 6-10 m².

Often, especially in cloudy weather, naked slugs cause harm to peppers. To reduce their harmfulness, it is necessary to ventilate the greenhouses well, not to over-moisten the soil, collect slugs in various shelters (these can be pieces of roofing material, plywood, etc.), where they crawl in the daytime, do systematic pollination of the soil in the evening with lime mixed with tobacco dust.