Pear In The North (part 2)

2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47

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Pear varieties

Now, as a result of intensive breeding work, new, much more economically valuable varieties have been bred.

In recent years, thanks to the efforts of breeders, the pear assortment has changed beyond recognition, and the widest selection of new varieties of various ripening periods has opened up to gardeners. Thus, the State Register of Breeding Achievements in the North-West Region includes such new varieties as Lada and Chizhovskaya (summer), Otradnenskaya (autumn), Belorusskaya late (winter). In addition, it would be interesting for gardeners of the North-West to test varieties recommended for more southern regions in gardens with the most favorable microclimate, for example, Vidnaya, Children's, Cathedral, Petrovskaya, Skorospelka from Michurinsk (summer), Bere Moskovskaya, Velesa, Vernaya, Thumbelina, Memory of Zhegalov, Rogneda (autumn), Ilya Muromets (winter) and some other foreign varieties.

The assortment of the Volga-Vyatka and Ural regions has also radically changed. It has recently been replenished with a significant number of new varieties, which are significantly superior in their economically valuable characteristics to the assortment available before. Such novelties of domestic selection include: Krasulya, Lel, Fabulous (summer), Berezhenaya, Dekabrinka, Krasnobokaya, Larinskaya, Myth, Moskvichka, Svarog, Uralochka (autumn). Local gardeners should also look out for new varieties from other regions and try them out in their gardens.

Below are brief descriptions of some of the most interesting, from my point of view, pear varieties included in the State Register, as well as varieties that are promising for wide testing in collective, backyard and farm gardens.

Pear varieties included in the State Register

Bashkir summer

An early summer variety of the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture. Included in the State Register for the Volgo-Vyatka and Ural regions. A tree of medium vigor with a rounded pyramidal, compressed crown of medium density. Fruits are below average size (70-80 g), bergamot-shaped, greenish-yellow at the moment of removable maturity and light yellow, without blush when consumed. White pulp of medium density, tender, fine-grained, juicy with a spicy aroma, good taste. The chemical composition of the fruits: dry matter - 16.4%, sugars - 7.9%, titratable acids - 0.48%, ascorbic acid - 5.3 mg / 100 g. After harvesting, the fruits are stored for no more than 15 days. It starts bearing fruit in the 6th year. The variety is winter-hardy, drought-resistant, scab-resistant, fruitful.

Bashkir autumn

Early autumn variety. Derived in the same place. Included in the State Register for the Ural Region. The tree is medium-sized, fast-growing with a broad-pyramidal crown of medium density. The type of fruiting is mixed - the fruits are placed on ringlets, spears and fruit twigs. Fruits are below average size (80-92 g), elongated pear-shaped, one-dimensional, regular in shape. The color at the moment of removable maturity is yellowish-green with a brownish-red blush, in the state of consumer maturity it is greenish-yellow, the integumentary color is in the form of a bright blurry red blush on the smaller part of the fruit. The pulp is greenish of medium density, tender, fine-grained, juicy, sweet and sour, of medium taste. The chemical composition of the fruits: dry matter - 20.1%, sugars - 7.2%, titrated acids - 0.52%, ascorbic acid - 7.1 mg / 100 g. Fruits ripen in late August - early September and can be stored for 40 days, fruits for universal use. It starts bearing fruit in the 6th year. The variety is fruitful, scab resistant.

Belarusian late

Winter grade. Bred at the Belarusian Research Institute of Fruit Growing. The variety is included in the State Register for the North-West and Central regions. The tree is medium-sized with a rounded dense crown. Fruits are of medium size (110-120 g) of regular wide pear-shaped shape. The skin is thick, rough, the main color is yellowish-green, sometimes a pink blush appears on the sunny side. The pulp is white, of medium density, juicy, quite satisfactory sweet and sour taste with a light refreshing acid. The chemical composition of the fruits: dry matter - 14.5%, sugars - 9.3%, acids - 0.1%, ascorbic acid - 12.1 mg / 100 g. Removal maturity occurs in mid - late September. In January-February, the fruits acquire consumer maturity and can be stored in the refrigerator until March-April. The variety is partially self-fertile. The yield of the variety is good,however periodic over the years. Scab in the epiphytotic years is affected to a moderate extent. Winter hardiness at the level of Bessemyanka (above average).

Berezhenaya (Bere Yellow Improved, Bere Yellow)

New autumn variety. Bred at the Sverdlovsk Horticultural Selection Station. Included in the State Register for the Volga-Vyatka region. The tree is medium-sized with a round, firm crown. Fruits are of medium size, weighing 90-120 g, one-dimensional, round-pear-shaped or ovoid, regular in shape, light yellow, no integumentary color. Creamy pulp of medium density, tender, very juicy, without stony cells, very good sweet and sour taste with a pleasant aroma. The chemical composition of fruits: dry matter - 14.0%, sugars - 11.2%, titrated acids - 0.72%, ascorbic acid - 9.3 mg / 100 g, P-active substances - 362.9 mg / 100 g The harvesting period is from the third decade of September to early October. Consumer maturity occurs from early October to early December. The maximum keeping quality of fruits is 75 days. The variety is highly winter-resistant,flowers are resistant to spring frosts, not affected by scab, high yield.

The messenger

Summer ripening variety. Derived in the same place. Included in the State Register for the Volga-Vyatka region. The tree is weak. The crown is round, of medium density. Fruits are small (50-60 g), pear-oval-shaped. The color of the fruits is yellow, their surface is ribbed. The pulp is creamy, tender, fine-grained, juicy, with a good sweet taste. The chemical composition of the fruits: dry matter - 15.0%, sugars - 12.0%, titrated acids - 0.69%, ascorbic acid - 5 mg / 100 g, P-active substances - 125.3 mg / 100 g. in mid-August and stored for no more than a week. The variety is winter-hardy, scab resistant, productive, with regular fruiting. It begins bearing fruit in the 6th year after planting in the garden.

Dekabrinka

Ripening period in autumn. A selection variety of the South Ural Research Institute of Fruit and Vegetable and Potato Growing (YUNIIPOK). Included in the State Register for the Ural Region. Medium-sized tree with a rounded crown. Fruits are pear-shaped, dark green with a slight burgundy blush on a smaller part of the fruit, medium or below average (weighing 100 g, large up to 120 g). The pulp is white, rough, juicy, slightly aromatic, sour-sweet, good taste. The chemical composition of fruits: dry matter - 15.6%, sugars - 9.6%, titratable acids - 0.62%, ascorbic acid - 8.7 mg / 100 g. Ripen at the end of the second decade of September and can be stored for 1 -3 months. The fruits are consumed mostly fresh. The variety has a very late flowering period. Winter-hardy, fruitful, begins to bear fruit in the 6-7th year. Resistant to scab and pear gall mites.

Red-sided

Autumn variety, bred in YUNIIPOK. Included in the State Register for the Ural Region. The tree is of medium vigor, is distinguished by strong growth at a young age, with the onset of fruiting, growth decreases sharply. Crohn's sparse, rounded. Fruits are medium in size (weight 130 g, large up to 150-180 g), one-dimensional, regular pear-shaped, green, greenish-yellow when ripe with a beautiful blurred raspberry blush on the smaller part of the fruit. During storage, the pulp becomes very juicy, tender, slightly melting, sweet and sour, good taste. The fruits reach removable maturity at the end of the second decade of September and are stored for 1 to 3 months. The variety is winter-hardy, fruitful. Differs in high resistance to scab and pear gall mite. Begins fruiting in the 4th-5th year.

Krasulia

New summer variety of YUNIIPOK selection. Included in the State Register for the Ural Region. The trees are medium-sized with a thin rounded crown. Fruits are bergamot-like, round, greenish-yellow with an orange-red blush on most of the fruit, below average size, with an average weight of 90 g, maximum weight up to 120 g. The pulp is creamy, loose, fine-grained, semi-oily, very juicy with spice and medium aroma, very good taste. Chemical composition: dry matter - 13.0%, sugars - 11.2%, acids - 0.49%, ascorbic acid - 8.5 mg / 100 g. Fruits are stored in the refrigerator for up to 15 days. Begins fruiting in the 5th year. The variety is winter-hardy, resistant to scab and pear gall mites. The yield is high - up to 40 kg from ten-year-old trees.

Lada

Variety of early summer ripening period. Bred at the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev (Moscow Agricultural Academy). Included in the State Register for the North-West and Central Regions. A tree of medium vigor with a conical crown of medium density. Fruits are formed on branches of various types: young (1-2-year-old) fruit formations and annual branches. Fruits are below average size (weighing 100-110 g), regular obovate, light yellow, attractive integumentary color - in the form of a faint light red blurred blush. Rustiness is tender, visible only at the stalk. The pulp is yellowish-white, medium juiciness, fine-grained, sour-sweet, good taste with a weak aroma. Contains dry matter - 15.7%, sugars - 7.2%, titratable acids - 0.27%, P-active substances - 92 mg / 100 g. The fruits ripen in mid-August. Under normal storage conditions, consumer maturity lasts 10-15 days, at 00 C in the refrigerator - for 40-60 days. The variety is winter-hardy, scab-resistant, regularly bearing, highly productive - 40-50 kg of fruits from ten-year-old trees, fruits do not crumble, are highly marketable. The variety enters the fruiting season 3-4 years after budding in the nursery.

Larinskaya

A variety of autumn ripening period, bred in YUNIIPOK. Included in the State Register for the Ural Region. The tree is large, fast-growing, with a crown of medium density, irregular shape. Fruits are one-dimensional, short pear-shaped, lumpy, green, light yellow when ripe, rather attractive, medium-sized, weighing 110 g, large - up to 140 g. The pulp is creamy, dense, juicy, fine-grained sweet and sour, good taste. The chemical composition of fruits: dry matter - 13.8%, sugars - 9.7%, acids 0.8%. The fruits ripen in early September and can be stored for 1.5-2 months. Good for fresh consumption, for processing into compotes, juices, dried fruits. It starts bearing fruit in the 5th year after planting in the garden. The variety is highly winter-hardy, medium drought resistance, resistant to fungal diseases and pear gall mite. The annual yield is high - up to 46 kg per tree at the age of ten.

Lel

Summer variety of selection of the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after M. A. Lisavenko (NIISS). It is included in the State Register for the Ural, West Siberian and East Siberian regions. The tree is medium-sized with an elliptical, medium thickening, well-leafy crown. The predominant type of fruit formations is fruit twigs. Fruits are below average, weighing 70-75 g, wide pear-shaped. The main color at the moment of ripening is greenish, at full maturity it is greenish-yellow, the integumentary color is in the form of a dark red blush and stripes on a small part of the fruit surface. The pulp is white, tender, semi-oily, juicy, sweet and sour with spice, very good taste. The chemical composition of the fruits: sugars - 11.9%, titrated acids - 0.51%, ascorbic acid - 4.8 mg / 100 g, P-active compounds - 290 mg / 100 g. The fruits ripen at the end of the second decade of August and can be stored for no more than a week. They are used fresh and for preparing compotes. Begins to bear fruit in the 4th year. High yield, regular fruiting. The variety is winter-hardy, resistant to fungal diseases with dessert quality fruits. Demanding on moisture.

Myth

Late autumn variety of YUNIIPOK selection. Included in the State Register for the Volgo-Vyatka and West Siberian regions. The tree is medium-sized or tall, fast-growing, with a narrow-pyramidal crown of medium density. Fruits are one-dimensional, bergamot-like or short-pear-shaped, greenish-yellow in color, when ripe golden yellow without blush, small (average weight 50-65 g, large - up to 95 g). Cream pulp of medium density, juicy, good sweet and sour taste, contains: dry matter - 14.8%, sugars - 10.2%, acids - 0.92%. The fruits ripen in the second half of September and are stored for 1-3 months. Recommended for fresh consumption, processing for juices, preserves, dried fruits. Average winter hardiness. Differs in increased resistance of flowers to spring frosts. The variety is resistant to fungal diseases and pear gall mite,begins to bear fruit in the 4th-5th year after planting in the garden and quickly increases the yield to 50 kg per tree.

Muscovite

A variety of autumn ripening, bred in the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Included in the State Register for the Volga-Vyatka and Central regions. A tree of medium vigor with a dense conical crown. The main type of fruiting is ringed, although the fruits are also formed on spears, fruit twigs, annual branches from the apical and lateral buds. Fruits are of medium size (weighing 125 g), wide pear-shaped, variegated, greenish-yellow, the integumentary color is absent or very weak, in the form of a slight blush. Rustiness of the skin is often severe with irregular spots. The pulp is white, dense, very juicy, semi-oily, with granulations near the heart, good sweet and sour taste with a strong aroma. The chemical composition of fruits: dry matter - 16.2%, sugars - 9.5%, acids - 0.48%, P-active substances - 220 mg / 100 g. They are removed from the tree in the second half of September; they acquire consumer maturity after a short storage by mid-October, retain good taste for 25-30 days, and when stored in a refrigerator at 00 C80-100 days. Fruitful variety - up to 40-50 kg per tree, resistant to scab and fruit rot; It is distinguished by regular fruiting, early maturity (begins to bear fruit in the 3-4th year after planting), high marketability of fruits. Average winter hardiness. Fruits for universal use.early maturity (begins to bear fruit in the 3-4th year after planting), high marketability of fruits. Average winter hardiness. Fruits for universal use.early maturity (begins to bear fruit in the 3-4th year after planting), high marketability of fruits. Average winter hardiness. Fruits for universal use.

Svarog

An early autumn variety of the NIISS selection. It is included in the State Register for the Volga-Vyatka, West Siberian and East Siberian regions. The tree is medium-sized with a rounded thickened crown. Fruits are below average size (weighing up to 80 g), obtuse conical or broad pear-shaped. The main color of the fruit during consumption is yellow; integumentary - in the form of a weak red blurred and striped blush. The pulp of the fruit is creamy, tender, semi-oily, juicy, sweet and sour with a pleasant and light aroma, good taste. The chemical composition of fruits: sugars - 9.5%, titratable acids - 0.44%, ascorbic acid - 9.5 mg / 100 g, P-active compounds - 125 mg / 100 g. Fruit picking occurs at the end of September, consumer maturity begins. in early October. In room conditions, the fruits are stored for 15-20 days, in the refrigerator - until January. Begins fruiting in the 4th-5th year. The winter hardiness of the variety is satisfactory. Highly resistant to fungal diseases. Bears fruit regularly but in moderation.

Otradnenskaya

Autumn variety of NIISS selection. Included in the State Register for the North-West and Central Black Earth Regions. The tree is below average vigor with an irregular round-oval crown. Often forms skeletal branches at an acute angle, which subsequently break off under the weight of the fruit.

Fruiting is concentrated mainly on young ringlets and spears. Fruits are of medium size (weighing 120-140 g), double-coconical or round, slightly ribbed, yellowish-green, blurred blush, red. The pulp is yellowish-white, sour-sweet without aroma, low juicy, medium density, fine-grained, fairly good taste, contains: dry matter - 15.8%, sugars - 8.2%, free acids - 0.3%, P-active substances - 137 mg / 100 g. Removable ripeness of fruits occurs in the third decade of September, consumer - after 15-20 days. Shelf life - 25-30 days or more, in a refrigerator at 00 C - up to 100-120 days. The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness, resistance to scab, early maturation (begins to bear fruit in the 4th-5th year after planting) and transportability. Partially self-fertile. Harvest from a tree up to 30-40 kg. Fruiting is regular. High-quality jam, compotes and other processed products are obtained from the fruits.

Fabulous

Summer variety bred in YUNIIPOK. Included in the State Register for the Ural Region. The tree is tall, fast-growing with a dense narrow-pyramidal crown. Fruits are one-dimensional, very beautiful, regular pear-shaped, yellow-green with a blush on the sunlit side, above average size (average weight 180 g, maximum - up to 250 g). White pulp, medium density, tender, semi-oily, very juicy, good sweet taste with spice and faint aroma. One of the best-tasting pear varieties in the Urals. The fruits ripen at the end of summer and are stored for no more than 10 days. The variety is winter-hardy, resistant to scab and pear gall mites. Average annual yield. The fruits on the tree are held firmly. Used for fresh consumption and juicing.

Uralochka

Derived in the same place. Ripening period is late autumn. Included in the State Register for the Volgo-Vyatka and West Siberian regions. The trees are medium-sized with a spreading, rounded crown. Fruits are greenish-yellow, when ripe golden-yellow without blush, small, with an average weight of 44 g, large - up to 60 g, short pear-shaped, regular shape. Creamy pulp, medium density, fine-grained, juicy, good sweet and sour taste with medium aroma, contains: dry matter - 14.8%, sugars - up to 12.0%, acids - 0.8%. The fruits ripen in mid-September. Having reached removable maturity, the fruits are kept on the tree for 7-10 days, and then they crumble together. Can be stored for up to 30 days. The variety has outstanding winter hardiness of wood and flower buds,in the region of Chelyabinsk did not have significant damage after the winter of 1978/79 when the air temperature dropped to -48.3 ° C. Early-fruiting, fruiting occurs in the 4th year, the yield grows rapidly, the variety gives up to 39 kg of fruits from a seven-year tree. Bears fruit even after severe spring frosts; thus, at -7 ° C frost during flowering in 1985, the yield was 21.6 kg per tree. Drought resistance is average, scab damage was not observed.

Chizhovskaya

Late summer variety of the selection of the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Included in the State Register for the North-West, Central and Middle Volga regions. The tree is of medium growth with a narrow pyramidal crown, which becomes pyramidal with age. Most of the fruits are formed on young ringlets and annual branches formed from lateral buds. Fruits of average size weighing 120-140 g are pear-shaped, light yellow or yellow during the period of consumer maturity. The cover color is absent or very weakly expressed in the form of a blurred pink blush. The pulp is light yellow or almost white with medium juiciness, semi-oily, melting, good sweet and sour refreshing taste. The chemical composition of fruits: dry matter - 16.5%, sugars - 9.1%, titratable acids - 0.45%, P-active substances - 166 mg / 100 g. In years typical for weather conditions, the fruits ripen in the third decade of August and can be eaten immediately. They last 20-30 days, and at 00 C in the refrigerator - 60-120 days. The variety is characterized by high winter hardiness, early maturity (it starts bearing fruit in the 3-4th year after grafting, sometimes bears fruit already in the nursery in the second year after grafting). It is resistant to scab, but in wet years the fruits can crack and be affected by fruit rot. Productivity is stable and high - up to 30-60 kg from a ten-year tree.but in humid years, the fruit may crack and be affected by fruit rot. Productivity is stable and high - up to 30-60 kg from a ten-year tree.but in humid years, the fruit may crack and be affected by fruit rot. Productivity is stable and high - up to 30-60 kg from a ten-year tree.

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Pear in the North:

part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4, part 5