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Video: Garden Errors
2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47
Practice has shown the erroneousness of some recommendations for the cultivation of fruit and vegetable crops
Based on my experience, in this article I would like to invite the readers of the magazine to look a little more critically at many ideas about caring for plants, primarily fruit crops, as well as recommendations for the use of certain fertilizers.
About soil content
There is still a fairly widespread belief that the soil around berry bushes should be free of vegetation. This belief stems from the fact that nearby growing plants consume food and moisture, taking it away from the bushes. However, this does not take into account the fact that bare land loses moisture very quickly during heat and drought (in July).
In addition, the dark surface of the soil on sunny days is very hot, which leads to an increase in air temperature under the plants and increased evaporation of moisture by bushes. Therefore, at times, bushes of crops such as currants growing in the grass are more productive. This manifests itself in the formation of larger berries. I managed to make sure of this again in August last year, when I was harvesting on one neglected plot.
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It turned out that the bushes of black currant varieties Vologda and Titania, which had been in the grass for more than a month, and then mulched by it after mowing with a flat cutter, turned out to have much larger berries compared to the bushes around which weeds weeded regularly. The conclusion suggests itself that it is advisable to leave a grass cover around the bushes. In this case, the flower stalks of weeds, of course, must be cut off (or mowed) with a flat cutter or weeder to prevent their seeding.
As a more cultivated way of keeping the soil around the bushes, it is possible to suggest tinning, which involves periodic mowing of the grass, or a parosideral system according to which in the second half of the season the soil around bushes and trees is sown with green manure (grown for green fertilization) crop, and in the fall it is sealed. Another option is to mulch the soil around the bushes.
When fertilizers are harmful
Pre-planting or pre-planting application of organic fertilizers for fruit and berry crops can be considered an obligatory part of agricultural technology. However, it is important to choose the right type of fertilizer. For example, many gardeners know that fresh manure cannot be applied under garden strawberries (often called strawberries) due to the excess nitrogen in it. I can responsibly say that garden strawberries can even fatten from vermicompost, and in the dose recommended by many manufacturers - about 100 g per hole.
This is evidenced by my personal experience. For example, in the fall of 2010, under the mustache of several varieties of garden strawberries, including Carmen and Ruby pendant, I added about half a glass of vermicompost. As a result, in 2011, most of these plants had a lot of rich green leaves, but some of these plants had few peduncles, others did not have them at all, that is, the fattening of the plants was evident.
A sufficient number of peduncles was found only in plants of two remontant strawberry varieties. As a result, I concluded that for ordinary varieties of garden strawberries, vermicompost is too concentrated fertilizer with an overestimated (excessive for them) nitrogen content.
About mineral fertilizers
Recommendations for planting seedlings of fruit and berry crops and some flower crops have been written for a long time, and in some of them it is proposed to do something that is either generally harmful to plants or you can do so much with great care. For example, when laying planting holes, many gardeners recommended adding potassium chloride.
However, this substance quickly dissolves in soil moisture and creates a soil solution in the root zone with an excessive concentration of this salt. If it gets on the roots, it can burn them. Therefore, if you still use potassium chloride, be sure to make a layer of earth around the roots. And it would be even more environmentally friendly to abandon it, replacing it with ash or AVA fertilizer.
Another harmful recommendation is to apply potassium chloride as a fertilizing fertilizer. Since chlorine is poisonous to many plants, the ingress of chlorine ions from this fertilizer into the plant can inhibit it. In addition, gardeners themselves may eventually gradually become poisoned with chlorine.
Choose your technology
Potatoes are one such crop for which there are quite a few growing technologies. And some of them, judging by my experience, are applicable only in the locality (region) of the potato growers who invented them. For example, the system of fertilizing potatoes using one of the most intensive technologies - according to agricultural technology by I. L. Lisitsyna - in my experiment in the 2002 season, it led to a complete lodging of the tops, which were clearly overgrown from such an amount of nutrition, first of all, nitrogen.
For a better idea, I will give a part of this agricultural technique. In the spring, disperse per one hundred square meters: ash 5 kg, double superphosphate 2 kg, potassium magnesia 1 kg, ammonium nitrate 1.5 kg, ammonium sulfate 3 kg. Mix fertilizer with soil using a rake. To add to the holes, prepare a mixture: 5 kg of humus, 0.5 liters of ash, a glass of double superphosphate, 0.5 cups of nitroammophoska and 0.5 cups of potassium magnesium. Mix everything thoroughly. I believe that such an amount of fertilizer creates a crop of tops rather than tubers.
I was convinced that in different years, depending on the weather conditions, and even in different places of the site, differing in the level of illumination, potatoes, and other crops also need different agricultural techniques.
About cabbage
Another misconception of some gardeners is the opinion that the green leaves of cabbage should be cut off before harvesting. From the point of view of physiology, this is absurd. Perhaps such gardeners confuse the agricultural technique of cabbage with the agricultural technique of cauliflower, in which the inflorescence is recommended to be shaded with broken leaves. Or maybe they think it will speed up the maturation of the heads of cabbage. In fact, to accelerate ripening, vegetable agronomists recommend applying potassium fertilizer to increase the outflow of carbohydrates from green leaves into the head of cabbage.
Alexander Zharavin, agronomist,
Kirov
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