Promising Varieties And Forms Of Grapes

2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47

Read the previous part. ← Characteristics of grape varieties for unheated greenhouses

Fruiting Amur grapes

At present, the above list of varieties can be significantly expanded due to new, promising super-early, larger-fruited varieties bred in recent decades. In particular, in recent years, employees of the All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking (Novocherkassk, Rostov Region), as well as winegrowers from other regions, have bred promising superearly grape varieties that are distinguished by excellent taste and large bunches and berries.

These varieties, being complex interspecific hybrids of the fourth and fifth generations with the participation of European-Asian, Amur and American grape varieties, among other things, also possess complex resistance to diseases and pests. Unlike the varieties bred at this institute in earlier years, they undoubtedly surpass them both in taste and in the size of bunches and berries.

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In this regard, it is quite interesting to test these varieties in unheated greenhouses in St. Petersburg and other northern regions. Below is a more detailed botanical description of those of them that have shown themselves on the positive side in various zones of the Non-Black Earth Region, including the Leningrad Region.

Aleshenkin

Aleshenkin grape variety

A very popular variety, bred in Volgograd as a result of pollination of the Madeleine Angevin variety with a mixture of table varieties of pollen. Author P. E. Tsekhmistrenko. The leaf is medium, rounded, slightly dissected, smooth, the petiole is open, lyre-shaped, rarely with a sharp bottom, closed, slit-like. The petiole is longer than the main vein. The flower type is bisexual. The bunch is medium and large (length 16-28 cm, width 10-20 cm), conical, medium density, dense, very elegant.

The berry is large (length 18-24 mm, width 17-21 mm), oval, less often round, white with a yellow tan, the skin is very soft, the pulp is fleshy, crispy, harmonious and pleasant taste. There are 1-3 seeds in the berry, they are easily separated from the pulp. The seed is medium. Refers to high quality table varieties of very early ripening period

Agate Donskoy (Zarya Severa x Dolores) x Early Russian), original working name Vityaz

Young escape. Apical young leaves on the upper and lower surfaces are glabrous or with sparse bristly pubescence, invisible to the eye. Young, newly formed shoots are light green in color, wrinkled leaves. Young leaflets of the middle layer are glabrous from above, rough to the touch below. The crown leaves are lighter than the lower ones. The crown is light green without pubescence.

The leaves are tender, the upper surface is darker than the lower. The shoot axis is green; the lower part of the adult shoot is red on one side. The leaves are medium and small (12 cm), rounded, the lower ones are elongated, three-lobed, less often five-lobed, green above, light green below. Leaf blade with sharply ascending lower and upper lateral lobes, funnel-shaped. The dissection of the leaf blade is shallow. The upper notches are small, open, in the form of a reentrant angle. The lower notches are small, open in the form of a reentrant angle. The petiole notch is almost completely closed or with a slit with a sharp bottom. The denticles along the edge of the lobes are dome-shaped with a wide base.

The denticles at the ends of the lobes are more elongated, dome-shaped. The petiole is longer than the median vein, reddish, smooth. The bunches are large, conical, loose, with an average weight of 200-400 g. The berries are medium and large, round, dark blue, with a simple taste. Shoots ripen well in a film greenhouse. The variety is vigorous and fruitful, easily rooted by cuttings. Hibernates under cover of spruce branches.

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Platovsky-60 (synonym Early Dawn) (Zalandede x Gift of Magarach)

Young escape. The apex of the crown is bright green, and the entire crown and the first two leaves are smooth, shiny with an intense bronze-red color. The shoot itself is faceted, naked, also with an intense anthocyanin coloration (characteristic feature). Young leaves of the middle layer are tender, soft, slightly reticulate-wrinkled, green with a bronze tint. The veins are red in the light. On the underside, the leaves are glabrous, shiny, also with a reddish gap.

The leaves are whole or three-lobed, small and medium, round with ascending lobes. The surface of the sheet is green with a bronze sheen. Above, the leaves are smooth, below - shiny with barely perceptible bristly pubescence. Upper notch small, open, barely outlined or in the form of a reentrant angle. No bottom cuts. The petiole notch is closed and open with a slit or lyre-shaped with a sharp bottom.

Clusters are cylindrical-conical, medium, moderately dense. The berries are medium (2 g), roundish, greenish. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour, the skin is strong. The growth of the variety is very strong, it is prone to strong formation of stepsons. The vines ripen satisfactorily. Hibernates under cover of spruce branches and a thin layer of soil.

Rusven (R-66 x SV 20-473)

Grape variety Rusven

Young escape. The upper 3-4 leaflets of the crown are light green, some with a bronze tint, delicate, glabrous, shiny. The axis of the crown shoot is bare, green or with a slight bronze tint, very delicate. Leaves are medium, three- and five-lobed, up to 15 cm in size, round and deeply dissected in the middle part of the shoot and elongated, finely dissected in its lower part. The surface of the leaf is wavy, smooth above and without pubescence.

Below, the leaf is slightly rough to the touch. The upper surface is dark green, the lower one is green. The upper notch is medium to deep, open with almost parallel sides and a sharp bottom. The lower cutouts are small, in the form of an inclined angle; on the leaves of the lower tier, they are barely marked. The leaf petiole is equal to the median vein, rough to the touch, brown-brown in color. The bunch is dense and very dense. The berry is large, yellow-green, round or slightly oblong, green with a brownish tan on the sunny side.

The pulp is green, juicy, sweet, the skin is fragile, one or two seeds in each berry. The berries reach full maturity in early to mid September. When fully ripe at high humidity, the berries crack, which is a significant drawback of the variety. Begins to bear fruit in the second year, lays fruit buds well even in wet years. It hibernates under cover of spruce branches and snow.

Rusmol early (Rusmol x Korinka Russian)

Young escape. Apical young leaves of the upper layer are green without any color, shiny, glabrous above and below, without pubescence. Bristly pubescence is visible on the fourth leaflet of the crown from below in the sun. The shoot axis of the crown and leaf petioles are green, without pubescence. The leaflets of the crown are five-lobed, have sharply triangular denticles. The leaves are small (up to 8 cm), miniature, five-lobed, deeply dissected, rounded with raised lobes in the form of a boat, dark green above, light green below.

The upper surface of the leaf is reticulate-wrinkled, shiny or dull, without pubescence. Below, the leaf has a short bristly pubescence both along the veins and along the entire surface. The upper notches are deep, mostly open, there are also closed, lyre-shaped with a rounded bottom or with an ovoid lumen if the lobes are closed. The bunch is medium and large, loose. The berry is white, oval, fleshy. In a rainy year 2000, this variety matured even outdoors by early September. The variety is low-growing (compared to other varieties). Hibernates under a layer of spruce branches. A special feature.

The leaf has an original graceful shape. The leaf is small, deeply cut, glabrous with ascending lobes; the crown is green without anthocyanin coloration. Young, freshly formed shoots of bright green color, shiny. In addition to these varieties, it makes sense to test the following varieties in unheated greenhouses: Elegant-FV-2-6 (Frumoasa albe x Delight), Delight black (216-29-10-1) ((Zarya Severa x Dolores) x Russian early), Kesha-1 (Frumoasa albe x Delight), Muromets (Severny x Pobeda), Kodryanka, Moscow White (Podmoskovny) (С1262 x Moscow Dessert), Moscow Black, Cosmonaut.