Video: Vegetative Propagation Of Apricot
2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47
Apricots, like most fruit crops, are usually propagated vegetatively. For this, the following methods are mostly used: root shoots, root suckers of artificially isolated roots, root cuttings and grafting. In addition, although it is practically not used, the method of air layering is possible and very good.
Root shoots appear more often in young plants when the aerial part is damaged by frost, animals or excessive pruning. And root suckers arise from deliberate or accidental (during digging) damage to the root system. The importance of both of these methods is small, since the root shoots and offspring usually form a small number, and their excavation harms the root system of the mother tree.
Moreover, it should be borne in mind that they should be taken only from trees that bear fruit and have other positive qualities, so as not to replicate unproductive clones. Shoots that are close to the root collar of the tree should not be taken, as they have a very weak root system. And most importantly, if the tree is grafted, then the shoots and offspring will, of course, from a low-value stock.
The method of root cuttings can give much more planting material, but it is also rarely used.
The main method of vegetative propagation of apricots is grafting. It is grafted on seedlings of wild or semi-cultivated forms (poles), on a domestic plum, which is divided into the following pomological groups: Hungarian, Renklody, Mirabelle, egg plum, thorny and blackthorn. The latter two are sometimes considered independent botanical species. In addition, it is grafted on peach, bitter almonds and cherry plums. On the latter, good compatibility is not always the case (not all varieties). For the regions of the Far East, Siberian apricot is used as a stock.
The frost resistance of the underground part when grafted on almonds and peaches is low. Therefore, they are applicable only in the south. Frost resistance of the roots of cherry plum, apricot rootstocks and seedlings of cultivated varieties of plums is average and depends on the winter hardiness of the corresponding rootstock.
On its own rootstocks, almonds and Hungarians, apricot develops medium-sized trees, on mirabelles, peaches and cherry plums - the strongest in growth, and on thorns - small, dwarf and semi-dwarf. The latter is very valuable, especially for more severe regions of distribution on the northern border of the range. In addition, it is very convenient when picking fruits and caring for trees.
Peach and almond rootstocks do not tolerate heavy clayey, dense, as well as waterlogged soils, they are unstable to close standing groundwater and poor aeration, and are also strongly affected by bacterial root cancer. Cherry plum stock is usually used on heavy, moist soils. In the garden, it forms abundant root shoots, especially in the stump area. The rootstocks of apricot are drought-resistant, the shoots form little, often suffer from under-warming of the root collar during thaws in areas with unstable winters and abundant snow cover.
Plum rootstocks prefer loamy, well-drained, fairly nutrient-rich soils. Their heat requirements vary widely and depend on the origin of the species, variety and specimen. The thorn is distinguished by its ability to adapt well to a wide variety of conditions. Plum rootstocks, especially thorns, have the negative property of producing a large amount of root growth, which requires additional costs for their removal. It is especially important that by grafting apricots onto various varieties of plums and sloe, the danger of the root collar burning can be avoided.
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