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Video: Building Materials - Drying Oils, Varnishes, Primers, Putties
2024 Author: Sebastian Paterson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:47
Oily
Drying oil is an oily liquid that dries out after being applied to the surface, forming a durable elastic waterproof film. Linseed oil is made from drying vegetable (linseed, hemp, tung), semi-drying (castor) oils, as well as fats and organic products that do not contain varnish resins.
Orifices are divided into four types: natural, semi-natural (or moist), combined and synthetic.
Natural drying oils
Natural linseed oil is a light transparent oily liquid made from linseed oil or linseed oil desiccant. Linseed oil is used for priming (proolifki) metal, wooden plastered surfaces, for the preparation (and dilution) of light thick-grated paints, putties, greases, as well as for the preparation of light paint compositions for interior and exterior work, when painting metal structures, windows, doors, floors in first class buildings.
Natural hemp oil is a dark transparent oily liquid made from hemp oil and desiccant. It is used in the same way as linseed, including for the preparation of dark colorful compositions.
Semi-natural drying oils
Drying oil-oxol is a solution of vegetable oil and desiccant in white spirit. Grades "B" are produced - from linseed and hemp oils, "PV" - from sunflower, soybean, corn and other oils. Oksol varnish of grade "B" is used in the manufacture of oil paints for external and internal work, with the exception of floor painting, grade "PV" - in the manufacture of oil paints, primers and putties for internal work, with the exception of floor painting. When diluting thick-grated paints with oxol linseed oil, it is necessary to take into account that a diluent, white spirit, has already been introduced into its composition, therefore, no additional diluent should be added.
Alkyd glyphthalic drying oil is a transparent liquid obtained by the interaction of vegetable oils, fillers with the addition of a desiccant and diluted with white spirit.
Pentaphthalic linseed oil is obtained by diluting pentaphthalic resin with white spirit with modification with vegetable oils. The linseed oil is completely transparent.
Alkyd drying oils are not inferior to natural drying oils in terms of durability and weather resistance. They are used in the manufacture of thick-grated and ready-to-use paints, primers, putties for external and internal work.
Combined drying oil is a product of polymerization and dehydration of drying and semi-drying oils. Used for the preparation of thick-grated and ready-to-use paints for interior work. Drying oils of grades K-3 - K-5 can be used to prepare colorful compositions for outdoor use, although they are inferior in quality to natural drying oils.
Various types of drying oils can be mixed, but mixed drying oils will not have a better quality than the worst drying oils taken.
Synthetic drying oils
Oil shale oil is a dark liquid - a product of the oxidation of shale oils dissolved in acid. Has an unpleasant pungent odor, weatherproof. It is used for the preparation of dark paints for painting exterior metal, wooden plastered surfaces. Not allowed for painting floors and household items.
Supporting materials. Primers
For plaster and wood - oil primer
Ingredients:
- natural drying oil 1.0 part by weight
- thick-grated oil paint 1.0 w.ch
- solvent (turpentine, varnish kerosene) 0.07-0.1 w.ch.
Can be replaced with ready-made SV-15 paint with the addition of turpentine - 0, 07 p.m.
Primer for plaster and concrete for interior work
Composition:
- ready-made emulsion thinner 1.0 wt.
- solvent (turpentine, varnish kerosene) 0.8 wt.
- thick-grated oil paint 0.5-1.0 wt.
- putties and lubricating pastes.
Putty for wood and metal. Oil
Composition:
- drying oil oxol, grade PV. 1.0 w.h.
- dry animal glue 0.2 wt.
- chalk 7.0 wt.
- laundry soap 0.08 wt.
- turpentine or desiccant 0.08 wt. h
- water 0.8 wt.
On plaster and concrete. Oil and glue
Composition:
A) - drying oil oxol PV 0.5 v.h.
- dry animal glue 0.23 wt.
- chalk 6.8-7.2 wt.
- water 2.5-2.0 wt.
B) -olypha oxol PV 0.31 wt.
- dry animal glue 0.18 wt.
- chalk 6.7-7.2 wt. ch., - household soap 0.06 wt.
- copper sulfate or ammonium potassium alum 0.06 wt.
- flour paste 15% 0.2 wt.
- water 3.5-3.0 w. h.
Lucky
Varnishes are divided into the following groups: oil and oil-resin, synthetic, oil-free, nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose, bitumen, alcohol varnishes and varnishes.
Oil-resin varnishes of general consumption
Varnishes of grades 4c and 4t. They are used for indoor work, for coatings on wood and oil paints. Index "c" - for light breeds and colors of light colors, index "t" - for dark breeds and paints of dark colors.
Varnishes of grades 5c and 5t. They are used for interior and exterior coatings on wood and oil paints.
Varnishes of grades 6s and 6t are also for external coatings.
Varnishes of grades 7s and 7 t. For non-critical coatings on wood and metal. It is forbidden to use in external coatings and when painting rooms with high humidity.
Pentaphthalic varnish No. 170. It is used for diluting enamels and varnishes when varnishing external and internal coatings on wood, metal and oil coatings.
Varnishes PF-231 alkyd, AU-271, ML-248 - used for finishing parquet floors. The varnishes are applied with a brush, each layer is dried from 6 to 16 hours. Lacquer ML-248, melamine, consists of two components, applied from 2 to 4 layers.
Synthetic varnishes
They are used mainly for protective coatings against the effects of aggressive media and for improving anti-corrosion properties.
Composition for surface proolifying:
- drying oil - 8.3 parts by weight.
- pigment for highlighting - 0.85 wt.
- solvent - 0.85 parts by weight
Primers
Oil:
- thick-grated oil paint - 1 wp.
- drying oil - 0.75 parts by weight
- solvent (turpentine, white spirit) - 0.25 wt.
Oil-emulsion:
- thick-grated oil paint - 1.5-2 wt.
- solvent (turpentine, white spirit) - 0.8-1 wt.
- emulsion thinner - 4 parts by weight (the composition of the emulsion diluent, weight parts of drying oil - 10 parts by weight
- 8% solution of animal glue - 7 parts by weight
- milk of lime (2 kg of lime dough per bucket of water) - 3 parts by weight
Putties
Semi-oil:
- ground chalk - 6-7 wt.
- dry pigment (ocher) - 1.4-1.6 wt.
- drying oil - 1.2-1.3 parts by weight
- 6% solution of animal glue - 1-2 parts by weight
Oil-glue (for wood and metal):
- ground chalk - 7.8 wt.
- 17% solution of animal glue - 2.5 parts by weight
- drying oil - 0.4 wt.
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